EXPANDED CLINICAL SPECTRUM OF MULTIPLE EVANESCENT WHITE DOT SYNDROME WITH MULTIMODAL IMAGING.

Purpose: To evaluate and characterize multiple evanescent white dot syndrome abnormalities with modern multimodal imaging modalities.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography, enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography, short-wavelength autofluorescence, and near-infrared autofluorescence.

Results: Thirty-four multiple evanescent white dot syndrome patients with mean age of 28.

Outbreak of Tuberculosis in a Colony of Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) after Possible Indirect Contact with a Human TB Patient.

Simian tuberculosis is one of the most important bacterial diseases of non-human primates. Outbreaks of tuberculosis have been reported in primate colonies almost as long as these animals have been used experimentally or kept in zoological gardens. Significant progress has been made in reducing the incidence of tuberculosis in captive non-human primates, but despite reasonable precautions, outbreaks continue to occur.

RETICULAR PSEUDODRUSEN ON INFRARED IMAGING ARE TOPOGRAPHICALLY DISTINCT FROM SUBRETINAL DRUSENOID DEPOSITS ON EN FACE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY.

Purpose: To evaluate the quantitative and topographic relationship between reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) on infrared reflectance (IR) and subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD) on en face volumetric spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Methods: Reticular pseudodrusen were marked on IR images by a masked observer. Subretinal drusenoid deposits were visualized on en face sections of spectral domain optical coherence tomography below the external limiting membrane and identified by a semiautomated technique.

Multimodal Imaging of Cotton Wool Spots in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion.

Purpose: To describe and follow cotton wool spots (CWS) in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) using multimodal imaging.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study including 24 patients with new-onset BRVO, CWS were described and analyzed in color fundus photography (CF), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), infrared (IR) and fluorescein angiography (FA) every 3 months for 3 years. The CWS area on SD-OCT and CF was evaluated using OCT-Tool-Kit software: CWS were marked in each single OCT B-scan and the software calculated the area by interpolation.

Spectrum of Retinal Vascular Diseases Associated With Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the spectrum of retinal diseases that can demonstrate paracentral acute middle maculopathy and isolated ischemia of the intermediate and deep capillary plexus.

Design: Retrospective, multicenter, observational case series.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series review of 9 patients (10 eyes) from 5 centers with paracentral acute middle maculopathy lesions and previously unreported retinal vascular etiologies.

Acute, posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy: a case of 11 recurrences over 15 years.

Purpose: To report the case of a patient with recurrent, acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the longest documented course with the greatest number of recurrences reported.

Methods: Observational case report of one patient.

Ranibizumab for subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation associated with Stargardt disease.

Introduction: To describe the clinical outcomes of intravitreal ranibizumab treatment for subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) associated with Stargardt disease.

Methods: Prospective, interventional, case series. All patients underwent intravitreal ranibizumab injections following a pro re nata regimen with monthly examination, over a 24-month follow-up.

Influence of the vitreomacular interface on the efficacy of intravitreal therapy for uveitis-associated cystoid macular oedema.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the vitreomacular interface (VMI) on treatment efficacy of intravitreal therapy in uveitic cystoid macular oedema (CME).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of CME resolution, CME recurrence rate and monthly course of central retinal thickness (CRT), retinal volume (RV) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after intravitreal injection with respect to the VMI configuration on spectral-domain OCT using chi-squared test and repeated measures anova adjusted for confounding covariates epiretinal membrane, administered drug and subretinal fluid.

Results: Fifty-nine eyes of 53 patients (mean age: 47.

Multimodal Imaging and Choroidal Volumetric Changes After Half-fluence PDT in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify SD-OCT changes that correspond to leakage on fluorescein (FA) and indocyanine angiography (ICGA) and evaluate effect of half-fluence photodynamic therapy (PDT) on choroidal volume in chronic central serous choroidoretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with chronic CSC who had undergone PDT. Baseline FA and ICGA images were overlaid on SD-OCT to identify OCT correlates of FA or ICGA hyperfluorescence.

Relationship of retinal morphology and retinal sensitivity in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration using aflibercept.

Purpose: To relate the functional response to distinct morphological features of the retina during aflibercept treatment for neovascular AMD (nAMD).

Methods: A total of 726 retinal locations in 22 consecutive eyes presenting with treatment-naive nAMD underwent a standardized examination with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and topographic microperimetry (MP) at baseline, after 3 and 12 months of continuous intravitreal aflibercept therapy. The retinal sensitivity at each stimulus location was registered to the corresponding location on SD-OCT morphology.

Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of congenital cavitary optic disc anomaly (CODA).

Aim: To report the finding of extension of the 4th hyper-reflective band and retinal tissue into the optic disc in patients with cavitary optic disc anomalies (CODAs).

Methods: In this observational study, 10 patients (18 eyes) with sporadic or autosomal dominant CODA were evaluated with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and colour fundus images for the presence of 4th hyper-reflective band extension into the optic disc.

Results: Of 10 CODA patients (18 eyes), five patients (8 eyes) showed a definite 4th hyper-reflective band (presumed retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)) extension into the optic disc.

A new OCT finding in tuberculous serpiginous-like choroidopathy.

Purpose: To present a case of tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis (SLC) with previously unreported choroidal findings on enhanced depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT).

Design: Case report.

Methods: A 60-year-old female presented with decreased vision.

Detection and Differentiation of Intraretinal Hemorrhage in Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to classify and detect intraretinal hemorrhage (IRH) in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods: Initially the presentation of IRH in BRVO-patients in SD-OCT was described by one reader comparing color-fundus (CF) and SD-OCT using dedicated software. Based on these established characteristics, the presence and the severity of IRH in SD-OCT and CF were assessed by two other masked readers and the inter-device and the inter-observer agreement were evaluated.

Idiopathic multifocal choroiditis/punctate inner choroidopathy with acute photoreceptor loss or dysfunction out of proportion to clinically visible lesions.

Purpose: To report acute/subacute vision loss and paracentral scotomata in patients with idiopathic multifocal choroiditis/punctate inner choroidopathy due to large zones of acute photoreceptor attenuation surrounding the chorioretinal lesions.

Methods: Multimodal imaging case series.

Results: Six women and 2 men were included (mean age, 31.

Imaging of a cilioretinal artery embolisation.

Retinal artery occlusion can be the first indicator of a significant cardiovascular disorder and the need for treatment. We present the case of a 69-year-old man with a cilioretinal artery occlusion and retinal ischemia. Retinal imaging, in particular fundus autofluorescence, highlighted an intraluminal hyperautofluorescent lesion which led to the diagnosis of retinal emboli.

Competitive displacement of sodium caseinate by low-molecular-weight emulsifiers and the effects on emulsion texture and rheology.

Low-molecular-weight (LMW) emulsifiers are used to promote controlled destabilization in many dairy-type emulsions in order to obtain stable foams in whippable products. The relation between fat globule aggregation induced by three LMW emulsifiers, lactic acid ester of monoglyceride (LACTEM), saturated monoglyceride (GMS), and unsaturated monoglyceride (GMU) and their effect on interfacial protein displacement was investigated. It was found that protein displacement by LMW emulsifiers was not necessary for fat globule aggregation in emulsions, and conversely fat globule aggregation was not necessarily accompanied by protein displacement.

Differential diagnosis of macular edema of different pathophysiologic origins by spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To develop a classification approach based solely on spectral domain optical coherence tomography to differentiate macular edema (ME) of different disease entities and to determine underlying pathology.

Methods: A cross-sectional study including 153 participants: 27 with Irvine-Gass, 31 with uveitic ME, 24 with ME after branch retinal vein occlusion, 13 with central retinal vein occlusion, 44 with diabetic ME, and 14 controls. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography was graded according to a standardized reading protocol.

Spike avalanches in vivo suggest a driven, slightly subcritical brain state.

In self-organized critical (SOC) systems avalanche size distributions follow power-laws. Power-laws have also been observed for neural activity, and so it has been proposed that SOC underlies brain organization as well. Surprisingly, for spiking activity in vivo, evidence for SOC is still lacking.

Phthalate exposure and health-related outcomes in specific types of work environment.

Many toxic substances in the workplace can modify human health and quality of life and there is still insufficient data on respiratory outcomes in adults exposed to phthalates. The aim of this work was to assess in waste management workers from the Nitra region of Slovakia (n = 30) the extent of exposure to phthalates and health-related outcomes. Four urinary phthalate metabolites mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), monobutyl phthalate (MnBP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and monoisononyl phthalate (MiNP) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).

The effects of low-molecular-weight emulsifiers in O/W-emulsions on microviscosity of non-solidified oil in fat globules and the mobility of emulsifiers at the globule surfaces.

Electron Spin Resonance spectroscopy (ESR) was used to measure the mobility of the spin probe TEMPO in O/W-emulsions. This allowed determination of temperature-dependent microviscosity of the liquid fraction in lipid globules. Six hydrogenated palm kernel oil (HPKO) based emulsions containing caseinate and different combinations of lactic acid ester of monoglyceride (LACTEM), unsaturated monoglycerides (GMU) or saturated monoglyceride (GMS) were studied.

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in pediatric peritoneal dialysis: risk factors and therapy.

Background: Sudden blindness caused by anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is a rare complication for patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Prognosis is generally poor, with AION commonly resulting in permanent visual loss.

Methods: We first describe four case reports of children with AION during PD treatment.

Expression of the epidermal growth factor system in human middle ear cholesteatoma.

Conclusion: The detection of the HER4 receptor in 50% of cholesteatomas but never in the reference tissue, and the increased expression of its activating ligand EPI, suggest that EPI-mediated activation of HER4 might play a role in cholesteatoma growth.

Objective: To investigate the expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) system in human middle ear cholesteatoma.

Methods: Forty-seven patients referred for surgery due to cholesteatoma were included in the study.