Four-Year Nutritional Outcomes in Single-Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass with Sleeve Gastrectomy Patients: an Australian Experience.

Unlabelled: Nutritional deficiencies following malabsorptive surgeries are a major concern.

Purpose: To present clinical-based, mid-term nutritional outcomes in single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) patients using a nutritional supplement based on the American Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) guidelines.

Setting: Single private institute, Australia.

Variable cardiac α-actin (Actc1) expression in early adult skeletal muscle correlates with promoter methylation.

Different genes encode the α-actin isoforms that are predominantly expressed in heart and skeletal muscle. Mutations in the skeletal muscle α-actin gene (ACTA1) cause muscle diseases that are mostly lethal in the early postnatal period. We previously demonstrated that the disease phenotype of ACTA1 mouse models could be rescued by transgenic over-expression of cardiac α-actin (ACTC1).

Differentiation of Islet Progenitors Regulated by Nicotinamide into Transcriptome-Verified β Cells That Ameliorate Diabetes.

Developmental stage-specific differentiation of stem or progenitor cells into safe and functional cells is of fundamental importance in regenerative medicine, including β-cell replacement. However, the differentiation of islet progenitor cells (IPCs) into insulin-secreting β cells remains elusive. Here, we report that the multifunctional molecule nicotinamide (NIC) is a specific differentiation regulator of mouse IPCs.

Data on common variants associated with coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction in ethnic Arabs.

The data shows results acquired in a large cohort of 5668 ethnic Arabs involved in a common variants association study for coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI) using the Affymetrix Axiom Genotyping platform ("A genome-wide association study reveals susceptibility loci for myocardial infarction/coronary artery disease in Saudi Arabs" Wakil et al. (2015) [1] ). Several loci were described that conferred risk for CAD or MI, some of which were validated in an independent set of samples.

Systematic Evaluation of Genes and Genetic Variants Associated with Type 1 Diabetes Susceptibility.

Genome-wide association studies have found >60 loci that confer genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D). Many of these are defined only by anonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms: the underlying causative genes, as well as the molecular bases by which they mediate susceptibility, are not known. Identification of how these variants affect the complex mechanisms contributing to the loss of tolerance is a challenge.

A genome-wide association study reveals susceptibility loci for myocardial infarction/coronary artery disease in Saudi Arabs.

Background: Multiple loci have been identified for coronary artery disease (CAD) by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but no such studies on CAD incidence has been reported yet for any Middle Eastern population.

Methods: In this study, we performed a GWAS for CAD and myocardial infarction (MI) incidence in 5668 Saudis of Arab descent using the Affymetrix Axiom Genotyping platform.

Results: We describe SNPs at 16 loci that showed significant (P < 5 × 10(-8)) or suggestive GWAS association (P < 1 × 10(-5)) with CAD or MI, in the ethnic Saudi Arab population.

Rapid identification of major-effect genes using the collaborative cross.

The Collaborative Cross (CC) was designed to facilitate rapid gene mapping and consists of hundreds of recombinant inbred lines descended from eight diverse inbred founder strains. A decade in production, it can now be applied to mapping projects. Here, we provide a proof of principle for rapid identification of major-effect genes using the CC.

CTSH regulates β-cell function and disease progression in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients.

Over 40 susceptibility loci have been identified for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Little is known about how these variants modify disease risk and progression. Here, we combined in vitro and in vivo experiments with clinical studies to determine how genetic variation of the candidate gene cathepsin H (CTSH) affects disease mechanisms and progression in T1D.

Directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells allows exploration of novel transcription factor genes for pancreas development.

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been promised as a renewable source for regenerative medicine, including providing a replacement therapy in type 1 diabetes. However, they have not yet been differentiated into functional insulin-secreting β cells. This is due partially to the knowledge gap regarding the transcription factors (TFs) required for pancreas development.

Genetic analysis of iron-deficiency effects on the mouse spleen.

Iron homeostasis is crucial to many biological functions in nearly all organisms, with roles ranging from oxygen transport to immune function. Disruption of iron homeostasis may result in iron overload or iron deficiency. Iron deficiency may have severe consequences, including anemia or changes in immune or neurotransmitter systems.

Tests for genetic interactions in type 1 diabetes: linkage and stratification analyses of 4,422 affected sib-pairs.

Objective: Interactions between genetic and environmental factors lead to immune dysregulation causing type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune disorders. Recently, many common genetic variants have been associated with type 1 diabetes risk, but each has modest individual effects. Familial clustering of type 1 diabetes has not been explained fully and could arise from many factors, including undetected genetic variation and gene interactions.

Quantification of insulin gene expression during development of pancreatic islet cells.

Objective: Despite great progress in understanding the transcriptional regulation of the development of insulin-secreting beta cells, the quantitative temporal expression of insulin gene(s) remains largely unknown. We here aimed to quantify insulin gene transcripts during development.

Methods: We described bioinformatics algorithms to quantify (insulin) gene transcript abundance in sequential microarray data sets at the global level.

Systems genetics can provide new insights in to immune regulation and autoimmunity.

"Systems Genetics" detects variation in phenotypic traits and integrates this with underlying genetic variation. A powerful application of systems genetics is analyzing effects of genome-wide genetic variants on transcriptome-wide variation in gene expression. We see systems genetics as a new powerful technology which will empower research in genetics and in other disciplines.