Synthesis And Photovoltaic Performance of Carbazole (Donor) Based Photosensitizers in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC): A Review.

Carbazoles are nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycles, having widespread applications in the field of photovoltaics. Carbazole-based photosensitizers have tunable features for absorption on semi-conductor (tellurium dioxide or zinc oxide) layers to create sufficient push-pull force in the conversion of sunlight into electrical energy, thus presenting as promising heterocyclic donor candidates to be used in dye-sensitized solar cells. For the synthesis of these dyes, various structural designs are available, namely, D-A, D-π-A, D-D-π-A, D-A-π-A, A-π-D-π-A-π-A, and D2-π-A that all involve incorporating carbazole as a donor (D), along with spacer (π-extender) moieties, such as thiophene, phenol, ethynylene, nitromethane, azine, thiadiazole, or acetonitrile.

Prevalence of Obesity in Abdominal Surgery Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Obesity significantly impacts surgical outcomes, increasing the risk of postoperative complications, especially in abdominal surgery. Objective To determine the prevalence of obesity among patients undergoing abdominal surgery and to explore its association with postoperative complications. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2022 to December 2023.

A Comprehensive Clinical Assessment of the LumiraDx International Normalized Ratio (INR) Assay for Point-of-Care Monitoring in Anticoagulation Therapy.

Background: The International Normalized Ratio (INR) monitors anticoagulant treatment but relies on laboratory-based services. This could limit access to rapid monitoring and increase the diagnostic delay, both of which may be addressed by point-of-care testing (POCT). This study investigated the LumiraDx POC platform for INR monitoring.

Dexibuprofen loaded into nanoemulsion based gel for topical application - In vitro characterization and in vivo anti-inflammatory evaluation.

Arthritic disease is one of the most common diseases in adults and a leading cause of joint degeneration. Dexibuprofen (DEX) is routinely used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, acute postoperative pain, primary dysmenorrheal, and in lower back pain. However, it is poorly water soluble with compromised bioavailability, and hence has limited therapeutic activity.

Nanosilica and salicylic acid synergistically regulate cadmium toxicity in rice.

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity negatively impacts plant health and productivity. Nanosilica (SiONPs) and salicylic acid (SA) enhance plant performance and alleviate heavy metals stress. Yet, their combined effects against Cd-toxicity in rice remained less-explored.

Yamaguchi esterification: a key step toward the synthesis of natural products and their analogs-a review.

The Yamaguchi reagent, based on 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoyl chloride (TCBC) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), is an efficient tool for conducting the intermolecular (esterification) reaction between an acid and an alcohol in the presence of a suitable base (EtN or PrNEt) and solvent (THF, DCM, or toluene). The Yamaguchi protocol is renowned for its ability to efficiently produce a diverse array of functionalized esters, promoting high yields, regioselectivity, and easy handling under mild conditions with short reaction times. Here, the recent utilization of the Yamaguchi reagent was reviewed in the synthesis of various natural products such as macrolides, terpenoids, polyketides, peptides, and metabolites.

Multifaceted Exploration of Public Awareness, Government Perspectives, and Community Attitudes Toward HIV.

Aims: The purpose of this research is to quantify the knowledge of students about HIV, social media contribution, and their satisfaction with the government and society's acceptance of HIV patients.

Methodology: A cross-sectional survey of 579 participants was conducted at Punjab University, University of Peshawar, Karachi University, Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences University, and Quaid-i-Azam University. Student self-administered surveys included demographics, knowledge, government satisfaction, social media rumors, and PLWHA acceptability.

An updated landscape on nanopharmaceutical delivery for mitigation of colon cancer.

Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to rank among the leading causes of cancer-related death. Systemic toxicity, multidrug resistance, and nonspecific targeting often pose challenges to conventional therapy for CRC. Because it is a complex disease with a complex genetic and environmental pathophysiology, advanced therapeutic strategies are needed.

Batch and column studies for the removal of basic red-46 dye and textile by using magnesium oxide (MgO), strontium titanium trioxide (SrTiO), cobalt- and iron-doped lanthanum chromium trioxide (Co.Fe.LaCrO), and cadmium sulfide (CdS)-doped graphene oxide nanocomposites.

Despite efforts to reduce the risk of toxic chemicals, colors, and dyes being released into the environment from urban and industrial areas, there is still cause for concern. Colored water must be filtered and sterilized before it can be used for irrigation. The utilization of metal oxide and nanocomposite materials in wastewater treatment procedures appears to be a viable option for the future.

A comprehensive review on lipid-based nanoparticles via nose to brain targeting as a novel approach.

The central nervous system (CNS) has been a chief concern for millions of people worldwide, and many therapeutic medications are unable to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Advancements in nanotechnology have enabled safe, effective, and precise delivery of medications towards specific brain regions by utilising a nose-to-brain targeting route. This method reduces adverse effects, increases medication bioavailability, and facilitates mucociliary clearance while promoting accumulation of drug in the targeted brain region.

The longitudinal relationship between tourism, electricity consumption, and CO emissions.

The objective of the study is to determine the electricity use, and tourism industry environmental impacts, and increase in CO emissions in Pakistan. What are the linkages of foreign direct investment, intercountryal trade, gross domestict product, and CO emissions. The study has applied the Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method to analysis the data set from 1985 to 2023.

Reactive Blue MEBF 222 dye and textile wastewater treatment using metal-doped cobalt and nickel perovskites by batch and column adsorption process.

Water contamination is a serious issue that has an impact on the whole globe. In the current work, adsorption technique was used to remove synthetic Reactive Blue MEBF 222 textile dye utilizing Cd-doped Co (CoCdFeO), Zn-doped Co (CoZnFeO), Cr-doped Co (CoCrFeO), Zn-doped Ni (NiZnFeO), and Cr-doped Ni (NiCrFeO) perovskites, synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion approach. According to the findings of batch adsorption studies, maximum adsorption was observed at pH 3 (45.

Reflex Xpert MTB/XDR Testing of Residual Rifampicin-Resistant Specimens: A Clinical Laboratory-Based Diagnostic Accuracy and Feasibility Study in South Africa.

Background: The World Health Organization-approved Xpert MTB/XDR test detects and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, ethionamide, and injectable drugs directly in specimens. This pragmatic, laboratory-based study assessed the diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of a reflex testing approach, where Xpert MTB/XDR was performed on residual specimens previously processed for Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra.

Methods: Routine respiratory specimens, processed for Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, were stored in sample reagent buffer at 2°C-8°C.

Curcumin-loaded soluplus® based ternary solid dispersions with enhanced solubility, dissolution and antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities.

Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) has emerged to be an outstanding strategy among multiple options available for improving solubility and consequently biological activity. Interestingly several binary SD systems continue to exhibit insufficient solubility over time. Therefore, the goal of current research was to design ternary amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of hydrophobic model drug curcumin (CUR) to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate in turn, presenting enhanced anti-bacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

Cycle threshold (Ct)values of SARS-CoV2 vary with the type of symptoms and comorbidities of the patients.

Background: Literature depicts no association of cycle threshold values for SARS-CoV-2 with the patient's demographics or clinical history. However, the severity of the COVID-19 symptoms showed some associations with Ct values in previous studies. We aimed to study the relationship of Ct values with type of the symptoms and comorbidities of the patients.

Trends in hepatitis C virus seroprevalence and associated risk factors among msm in Pakistan: insights from a community-based study.

Pakistan bears a substantial burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, with the second-highest prevalence globally. This community-based cross-sectional study, conducted from January to December 2022 in Punjab, Pakistan, investigates the seroprevalence of HCV among the men who have sex with men (MSM) population. The study identifies demographic and behavioral risk factors associated with HCV infection within this population group.

Green hybrid coagulants for water treatment: An innovative approach using alum and bentonite clay combined with eco-friendly plant materials for batch and column adsorption.

Textile industries contribute to water pollution through synthetic dye discharge. This study explores the use of natural bio-coagulants to remove acid dyes from wastewater, investigating factors like pH, coagulant dose, dye concentration, contact time, and temperature for optimal results. The optimum pH and coagulants capabilities of (CAAPP, CAAPH, CBAGL, CBAPP and CBAPH) were 3 (49.

Novel S-N/WO3: Optimization of photocatalytic performance of WO3 by simultaneous existence of S and N in WO3 against MB dye.

In this work, pure and S-N/WO3 (1%-7%) nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed for the degradation of MB dye. Optical properties, vibrational analysis, morphology, structural analysis, and photocatalytic activity of the samples have been evaluated using a variety of characterization techniques, including UV-vis, PL, FTIR, SEM, and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD patterns showed that the stability of the orthorhombic phase of WO3 was affected by the concentrations of S and N.

Exploration of morpholine-thiophene hybrid thiosemicarbazones for the treatment of ureolytic bacterial infections via targeting urease enzyme: Synthesis, biochemical screening and computational analysis.

An important component of the pathogenicity of potentially pathogenic bacteria in humans is the urease enzyme. In order to avoid the detrimental impact of ureolytic bacterial infections, the inhibition of urease enzyme appears to be an appealing approach. Therefore, in the current study, morpholine-thiophene hybrid thiosemicarbazone derivatives () were designed, synthesized and characterized through FTIR, H NMR, C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

Green-synthesized lignin nanoparticles enhance Zea mays resilience to salt stress by improving antioxidant metabolism and mitigating ultrastructural damage.

Soil salinity poses a substantial threat to agricultural productivity, resulting in far-reaching consequences. Green-synthesized lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as significant biopolymers which effectively promote sustainable crop production and enhance abiotic stress tolerance. However, the defensive role and underlying mechanisms of LNPs against salt stress in Zea mays remain unexplored.

Association of Caffeine Daily Dose With Respiratory Outcomes in Preterm Neonates: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Apnea and poor respiratory drive increase the risk of extubation failure (EF) and prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in preterm neonates (pre-nates) with respiratory distress. Caffeine citrate (CC) is often prescribed for pre-nates in doses of 5-10 mg/kg in 24 h. This study aimed to evaluate the most effective dosage regimen (5 mg/kg/day vs >5-10 mg/kg/day) to prevent apnea and EF with minimal caffeine-associated potential side effects (CC-APSEs) in pre-nates.