Easily accessible, up-to-date and standardised training model in Urology: E-Learning Residency training programme (ERTP).

Objectives: There is no standardised and up-to-date education model for urology residents in our country. We aimed to describe our National E-learning education model for urology residents.

Methodology: The ERTP working group; consisting of urologists was established by the Society of Urological Surgery to create E-learning model and curriculum in April 2018.

Antitumor Efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Loaded Cationic Nanoparticles for Intravesical Immunotherapy of Bladder Tumor Induced Rat Model.

For bladder cancer, intravesical chemo/immunotherapy is widely used as adjuvant therapy after surgical transurethral resection. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a live attenuated Mycobacterium of the same family as tuberculosis, that is capable of inducing a local inflammatory response upon instillation into the bladder. Intravesical therapy with BCG has proved to be more effective in the prophylaxis and treatment of superficial bladder tumors than most chemotherapeutic agents used for the same indication.

The protective effects of tadalafil on renal damage following ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury can cause renal damage, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors are reported to regulate antioxidant activity. We investigated the prevention of renal damage using tadalafil after renal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. A total of 21 adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups of seven, including Group 1-control, Group 2-I/R, and Group 3-tadalafil + I/R group (I/R-T group) received tadalafil intraperitoneally at 30 minutes before ischemia.

Does skip metastasis or other lymph node parameters have additional effects on survival of patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer?

Purpose: To investigate the effects of lymph node metastasis, skip metastasis, and other factors related to lymph node status on survival in patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) and extended lymph node dissection (eLND).

Materials And Methods: RC and eLND were performed in 85 patients with a diagnosis of bladder cancer. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined by using a Cox proportional hazards model that included the number of excised lymph nodes, the presence of pathological lymph node metastasis, the anatomical level of positive nodes, the number of positive lymph nodes, lymph node density, and the presence of skip metastasis.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and erectile dysfunction: does long term continuous positive airway pressure therapy improve erections?

Objectives: The aim of this age-matched, controlled, prospective clinical study was to investigate frequency and degree of erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and to evaluate the results of only continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on ED in patients with OSAS.

Materials And Methods: A total of 90 patients were evaluated for potential OSAS. They were given an International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire (IIEF) and Beck Depression Inventory.

Significance of the interval between first and second transurethral resection on recurrence and progression rates in patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with maintenance intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of the interval between the initial and second transurethral resection (TUR) on the outcome of patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) treated with maintenance intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy.

Patients And Methods: We reviewed the data of patients from 10 centres treated for high-risk NMIBC between 2005 and 2012. Patients without a diagnosis of muscle-invasive cancer on second TUR performed ≤90 days after a complete first TUR, and received at least 1 year of maintenance BCG were included in this study.

The cutoff level of free/total prostate specific antigen (f/t PSA) ratios in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: a validation study on a Turkish patient population in different age categories.

We investigated an optimal cutoff level of free/total PSA ratios (f/t PSA) in predicting prostate cancer in different age groups, focusing on the avoidance of unnecessary prostate biopsies. A total of 4955 men were enrolled into the study. Serum tPSA, fPSA, and f/t PSA ratios were determined for the study population.

Garlic supplemented diet attenuates gentamicin nephrotoxicity ın rats.

Purpose: To demonstrate the effect of a 4% pulverized garlic supplemented diet on the nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin in rats.

Materials And Methods: Twenty four healthy male Wistar rats, weighing between 220 - 260 grams, were divided into three groups. The rats were randomly assigned to either the gentamicin injection without garlic supplementation group (Group I, n = 8), gentamicin injection with garlic supplementation group (Group II, n = 8), and control group (Group III, n = 8).

Identification of patients with microscopic hematuria who are at greater risk for the presence of bladder tumors using a dedicated questionnaire and point of care urine test--a study by the members of Association of Urooncology, Turkey.

In patients with microscopic hematuria there is a need for better identification of those who are at greater risk of harbouring bladder tumors. The RisikoCheck® questionnaire has a strong correlation with the presence of urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder and in combination with other available tests may help identify patients who require detailed clinical investigations due to increased risk of presence of bladder tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of RisikoCheck® questionnaire together with NMP-22® (BladderChek®) as a point-of-care urine test in predicting the presence of bladder tumors in patients presenting with microscopic hematuria as the sole finding.

Cationic core-shell nanoparticles for intravesical chemotherapy in tumor-induced rat model: safety and efficacy.

Mitomycin C (MMC) has shown potent efficacy against a wide spectrum of cancers and is clinical first choice in superficial bladder tumors. However, intravesical chemotherapy with MMC has been ineffective due to periodical discharge of the bladder and instability of this drug in acidic pH, both resulting in high rate of tumor recurrence and insufficiency to prevent progression. Nanocarriers may be a promising alternative for prolonged, effective and safe intravesical drug delivery due to their favorable size, surface properties and optimum interaction with mucosal layer of the bladder wall.

Prolonged retention and in vivo evaluation of cationic nanoparticles loaded with Mitomycin C designed for intravesical chemotherapy of bladder tumours.

To overcome the recurrence problem in bladder tumours; nanoparticles with positive surface charge may improve interaction with biological membranes for intravesical administration. The aim of this study was to design, develop and evaluate (in vitro-in vivo) cationic nanoparticles based on chitosan, poly-L-lysine or polycaprolactone for the effective intravesical delivery of chemotherapeutic agent MMC in a rat model. Poly-L-lysine-coated polycaprolactone nanoparticles and chitosan-coated polycaprolactone nanoparticles were prepared by the double emulsion technique.

Fournier's gangrene: overview of prognostic factors and definition of new prognostic parameter.

Objectives: To identify the prognostic factors and the new parameters that might predict a worse outcome in nonsurvivors compared with survivors of Fournier's gangrene (FG) and evaluated the validity of the Fournier's Gangrene Severity Index (FGSI) in patients with FG.

Methods: The medical records of 18 patients with FG who were treated and followed up in our clinic were reviewed. Data were collected in terms of medical history, symptoms, and physical examination findings.

Comparison of the analgesic effects of dexketoprofen and diclofenac during shockwave lithotripsy: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial.

Background And Purpose: This prospective, randomized, and double-blind clinical study aimed to assess the analgesic efficacy of single-dose intramuscular (IM) injection of dexketoprofen (group DE) compared with single-dose IM injection of diclofenac (group DI) in patients who were undergoing shockwave lithotripsy (SWL).

Patients And Methods: A total of 70 men with single renal or ureteral stones were randomly separated into two groups. The 40 men in group DI received 75 mg IM diclofenac sodium and 30 men in Group DE received 50 mg IM dexketoprofen trometamol 30 minutes before SWL.

A sequence variant at 4p16.3 confers susceptibility to urinary bladder cancer.

Previously, we reported germline DNA variants associated with risk of urinary bladder cancer (UBC) in Dutch and Icelandic subjects. Here we expanded the Icelandic sample set and tested the top 20 markers from the combined analysis in several European case-control sample sets, with a total of 4,739 cases and 45,549 controls. The T allele of rs798766 on 4p16.

Vardenafil reduces testicular damage following ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

We investigated the effect of intraperitoneal vardenafil (1 mg/kg) administration during an ischemic period in a rat model of testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D). Twenty-one adult Wistar rats were equally randomized into a control group, a T/D group and a vardenafil group. The control group was designed to collect basal values for biochemical and histopathological parameters.

eNOS gene intron 4 VNTR and exon 7-G894T polymorphisms in Turkish men with erectile dysfunction: a case control study.

Introduction: The associations between the gene polymorphisms and erectile dysfunction (ED) are limited.

Aim: To examine a potential association between variable number of tandem repeats (intron 4 VNTR), G894T polymorphisms, and ED in Turkish men.

Methods: Sixty-four men with ED and 82 healthy men as a control group were included in the study.

Intravesical cationic nanoparticles of chitosan and polycaprolactone for the delivery of Mitomycin C to bladder tumors.

Cationic nanoparticles of chitosan (CS), poly-epsilon-caprolactone coated with chitosan (CS-PCL) and poly-epsilon-caprolactone coated with poly-L-lysine (PLL-PCL) were developed to encapsulate intravesical chemotherapeutic agent Mitomycin C (MMC) for longer residence time, higher local drug concentration and prevention of drug loss during bladder discharge. Nanoparticle diameters varied between 180 and 340 nm depending on polymer used for preparation and coating. Zeta potential values demonstrated positive charge expected from cationic nanoparticles.

Diagnostic value of serum ghrelin levels in prostate cancer.

Purpose: Expression of recently identified growth hormone-releasing peptide, ghrelin, and its receptor has been demonstrated in prostate cancer (PCA) cell lines. It was also shown that ghrelin has increased cell proliferation in vitro when added to PCA cell lines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum ghrelin levels in detection of PCA.

Values for free/total prostate-specific antigen ratio as a function of age: necessity of reference validation in a Turkish population.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate age-related changes in free/total prostate-specific antigen (f/t PSA) ratio, focusing on the avoidance of unnecessary prostate biopsies.

Methods: A total of 898 men aged 30-88 years without a history of prostate surgery and disease were enrolled into the study. Serum tPSA, fPSA and f/t PSA ratios were determined for the study population and for different age categories.

Correlations between the ICIQ-SF score and urodynamic findings.

Aims: The primary aim of this prospective study was to examine the correlations between "The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF)" score and urodynamic findings in patients with urge incontinence. In addition, we aimed to observe the alterations of these parameters with antimuscarinic therapy.

Methods: Between January and December 2005, patients referred to our department with urge incontinence were examined.

Successful repair of a bladder herniation after old traumatic pubic symphysis diastasis using bone graft and hernia mesh.

Bladder herniation associated with pubic symphysis diastasis is a very rare condition. We report a case with bladder herniation after traumatic pubic symphysis disruption. The patient was treated with open reduction of the bladder and definitive internal fixation of the pubis.

Partial nephrectomy using a monopolar radiofrequency device: an animal model.

Objectives: To compare the use of radiofrequency (RF) and electrocautery in partial nephrectomy without renal artery clamping for bleeding and tissue destruction.

Methods: Sixteen adult rabbits were randomized into two groups. Partial nephrectomy using a monopolar RF device without renal artery clamping was performed in 8 rabbits (RF group) and partial nephrectomy using electrocautery was performed in the rest (cautery group).

Effects of ethanol on intracorporeal structures of the rat.

Objective: Previous studies demonstrated that acute in vitro exposure of corpus cavernosal tissue to ethanol decreased its response to field stimulation and pharmacological stimulation. In the present study we investigated the effects of chronic ethanol consumption on the ultrastructure of cavernosal smooth muscle cells, elastic fibres and collagen content.

Material And Methods: Fourteen adult wistar rats were divided into a control group (n = 7, fed a standard diet and tap water) and an alcoholic group (n = 7, fed a standard diet and 5% (v/v) ethanol in drinking water and by increasing the ethanol concentration for every week, at the end of 6th week 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration was attained.

A prospective randomized study for comparing bipolar plasmakinetic resection of the prostate with standard TURP.

Objectives: To compare clinical results of plasmakinetic (PK) resection vs. standard monopolar resection of the prostate, i.e.