Proteomics of serum extracellular vesicles identifies a novel COPD biomarker, fibulin-3 from elastic fibres.

There is an unmet need for novel biomarkers in the diagnosis of multifactorial COPD. We applied next-generation proteomics to serum extracellular vesicles (EVs) to discover novel COPD biomarkers. EVs from 10 patients with COPD and six healthy controls were analysed by tandem mass tag-based non-targeted proteomics, and those from elastase-treated mouse models of emphysema were also analysed by non-targeted proteomics.

A case of simultaneous occurrence of hepatitis and pancreatitis during the combination immunochemotherapy for non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improved the prognosis of patients with advanced lung cancers. The combination therapy of cytotoxic drugs and ICI is approved as first-line chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and extensive disease small-cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC). It has been reported various immune-related adverse events (irAEs).

A lung abscess caused by secondary syphilis - the utility of polymerase chain reaction techniques in transbronchial biopsy: a case report.

Background: In Japan and other countries, the number of patients with syphilis is increasing year by year. Recently, the cases of the pulmonary involvement in patients with secondary syphilis have been reported. However, it is still undetermined how to obtain a desirable specimen for a diagnosis of the pulmonary involvement, and how to treat it if not cured.

Clinical implications of monitoring nivolumab immunokinetics in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Background: The PD-1-blocking antibody nivolumab persists in patients several weeks after the last infusion. However, no study has systematically evaluated the maximum duration that the antibody persists on T cells or the association between this duration and residual therapeutic efficacy or potential adverse events.

Methods: To define the duration of binding and residual efficacy of nivolumab after discontinuation, we developed a simplified strategy for T cell monitoring and used it to analyze T cells from peripheral blood from 11 non-small cell lung cancer patients previously treated with nivolumab.

[A Case of Mediastinal Small Cell Lung Cancer in a Patient Receiving Mechanical Ventilation Who Was Successfully Treated with Chemotherapy and Finally Extubated].

Background: The efficacy and safety of chemotherapy for patients with lung cancer who are in need of intensive care, such as invasive mechanical ventilation, have not been established.

Case: A 59-year-old woman consulted a doctor with complaints of dyspnea.She was intubated because of acute respiratory failure and transferred to our hospital.

Double deletion of tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 in mice leads to a syndrome resembling accelerated aging.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been recently characterized as a disease of accelerated lung aging, but the mechanism remains unclear. Tetraspanins have emerged as key players in malignancy and inflammatory diseases. Here, we found that CD9/CD81 double knockout (DKO) mice with a COPD-like phenotype progressively developed a syndrome resembling human aging, including cataracts, hair loss, and atrophy of various organs, including thymus, muscle, and testis, resulting in shorter survival than wild-type (WT) mice.

Evaluation of Natriuretic Peptide in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Bevacizumab Together with Carboplatin-Paclitaxel: A Prospective Study.

Aim: To identify predictive markers for efficacy of combination bevacizumab and carboplatin-paclitaxel treatment in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Patients And Methods: Twenty patients received carboplatin (area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) 6 mg/ml×min) and paclitaxel (200 mg/m) with bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) on day 1 of a 21-day cycle. After four cycles of induction therapy, patients received bevacizumab maintenance therapy until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred.

Rapid intracranial response to osimertinib, without radiotherapy, in nonsmall cell lung cancer patients harboring the EGFR T790M mutation: Two Case Reports.

Rationale: Most of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activating mutations eventually acquire resistance to the first EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) therapy after varying periods of treatment. Of note, approximately one-third of those patients develop brain metastases, which deteriorate their quality of life and survival. The effect of systemic chemotherapy on brain metastases after acquisition of EGFR-TKI resistance is limited, and thus far, whole-brain radiation therapy, which may cause the harmful effect on neurocognitive functions, has been the only established therapeutic option for especially symptomatic brain metastases.

Successful treatment with gefitinib after Stevens-Johnson syndrome associated with afatinib therapy in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the lung.

We report a case of a 65-year-old woman with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma who experienced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) during afatinib therapy. The patient received afatinib as the first-line therapy after the confirmation of harboring an exon 19 deletion mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. The patient presented with multiple erythematous papules mainly on the body trunk and thigh 32 days after afatinib administration.

Exogenous lipoid pneumonia caused by repeated sesame oil pulling: a report of two cases.

Background: Exogenous lipoid pneumonia is a rare disease caused by aspiration or inhalation of oily substances.

Case Presentation: A 66-year-old male with dry cough (Case 1) and a 38-year-old female with shortness of breath (Case 2) demonstrated ground-glass opacities on chest computed tomography and were diagnosed with lipoid pneumonia based on the confirmation of lipid-laden alveolar macrophages. Both patients habitually performed sesame oil pulling via nasal or mouth washing for several months prior to the diagnosis.

Nuclear survivin expression in small cell lung cancer.

Background/aim: Little evidence exists regarding a relationship between survivin expression and prognosis in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We investigated the relationship between survivin expression, clinical characteristics and prognosis in SCLC patients.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of study patients and analyzed their tumor sections using nuclear survivin labeling index (LI).