Thoraco-abdominal duplication cyst of the jejunum presenting as respiratory distress in a young infant-a case report.

Thoraco-abdominal duplication cysts are rare congenital anomalies that can accompany vertebral and spinal cord pathologies and occur most frequently in the small intestines. Symptoms such as respiratory distress, dyspnea, tachypnea, cough, hemoptysis, cyanosis, vomiting and dysphagia may develop depending on the location. The cyst has several clinical and radiological dilemmas.

Segmental Dilatation of Ileum Involving Bronchogenic Cyst in a Newborn.

Congenital segmental intestinal dilatation (SID) and bronchogenic cyst in the abdomen are two uncommon and different pathologies. We report a bronchogenic cyst associated with segmental intestinal dilatation. A 2-day-old 3300 g term infant developed bilious vomiting.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the children with candiduria for the fungal ball: Is It necessary?

Introduction: Imaging of the urinary tract by ultrasonography (USG) or computerized tomography scanning is recommended for detecting structural abnormalities, hydronephrosis, abscesses, emphysematous pyelonephritis, or fungus ball formation. Limited studies on the epidemiology and the imaging results of candiduria were present in the children.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the results of renal ultrasonography imaging in hospitalized pediatric patients with candiduria.

Effectiveness of lavender inhalation aromatherapy on pain level and vital signs in children with burns: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Burns are a source of pain, which cannot be fully treated with medications.

Objectives: This study aims is to test the effectiveness of lavender oil inhalation aromatherapy applied before dressing change on vital signs and pain levels of children with burns.

Design: This randomized controlled study was held between May 2018 and May 2019.

Esophageal button battery ingestion in children.

Background: Button battery lodged in the esophagus carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to present cases of patients with esophageal button battery ingestion treated at our clinic and to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

Methods: Records of patients admitted to our hospital for foreign body ingestion between January 2010 and May 2015 were retrospectively reviewed.

Burn-associated bloodstream infections in pediatric burn patients: Time distribution of etiologic agents.

Background: Infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with burns in burn units. Bloodstream infections (BSIs) in patients with burns may result from burn wound infection, use of invasive devices such as central venous catheters, and translocation of the gastrointestinal flora.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the distribution and antimicrobial drug resistance of causative pathogens in children with burns and the durational changes of microorganisms in the distribution of BSIs in children.

Open ureteroneocystostomy after failed endoscopic injection with three different bulking agents for the treatment of vesicoureteral reflux.

Background/purpose: To evaluate the success rate of open ureteroneocystostomy (UNC) after failed endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children and to discuss the reasons for failure under the light of histopathological findings.

Methods: The clinical data of 371 patients who underwent endoscopic injection for VUR at our institution for the treatment of VUR between January 2008 and January 2014 were reviewed. Patients who were submitted to open ureteral reimplantation following failed endoscopic injection were included in the study.

Late ureteral obstruction after endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux with polyacrylate polyalcohol copolymer.

Objective: To investigate the incidence and presentation of ureteral obstruction after endoscopic injection of polyacrylate polyalcohol copolymer (PPC) for the treatment of vesicoureteral reflux, and to analyze its possible causes, together with histopathologic assessment.

Patients And Methods: The data of 189 patients who underwent endoscopic injection of PPC between May 2011 and December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. After the injection, patients were followed up by urinalysis and ultrasonography monthly for 3 months.

Management of congenital neck lesions in children.

Introduction: A retrospective clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the clinical features and treatment outcomes and to determine the incidence of complications in children with congenital neck lesions (CNLs) treated at our institution with a special emphasis on thyroglossal duct remnant (TGDR), branchial cleft anomaly (BCA), and dermoid cyst (DC).

Materials And Methods: This series had 72 patients with CNL. The diagnosis of CNL was made by physical examination, ultrasound (US) in most, and for a potential extension of the mass computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a few patients and confirmed by histopathological examination in all of the children.

Primary abdominal wall hydatid cyst: a case report.

Hydatid disease is endemic in our country. A case of a 13-year-old girl with primary intermuscular hydatid cyst in the abdominal wall without other organ involvement is presented and discussed. At laparotomy, the entire endocyst, seen to push the peritoneum inwards, was totally extracted from the abdominal muscle planes without destroying the cyst wall.

Isolated salpingeal torsion in children: a case series and review of the literature.

This study was carried out to evaluate and determine the history, clinical presentation, and physical examination and laboratory findings in a pediatric (n=1) and adolescent (n=2) population with isolated tubal torsion (ITT) and to examine its surgical management. A retrospective review of all the cases of ITT treated in our hospital between January 2000 and December 2012 was performed. The diagnosis of ITT was performed by physical examination and radiological studies including ultrasonography (US), color Doppler US, and computed tomography (CT) and confirmed by surgical intervention.

Torsion of an epididymal cyst: a case report and review of the literature.

Torsion of an epididymal cyst (EC) on its pedicle is an extremely rare condition that resembles acute testicular torsion. Herein, a boy with EC torsion managed surgically is presented and discussed in light of the relevant literature. The presented child is probably the fourth case of pediatric EC torsion, and to our knowledge, the first report of a child who was known to have EC and was followed conservatively until the occurrence of EC torsion.

Early results of endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux with polyacrylate polyalcohol copolymer.

Objective: To evaluate the early results of endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children using polyacrylate polyalcohol copolymer (PPC).

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 45 patients treated with subureteric injection of PPC in our clinic. The results of voiding cystouretrography performed on the 3rd postoperative month and the results of 1-year follow-up were evaluated.

Intralesional bleomycin sclerotherapy in childhood lymphangioma.

This clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intralesional bleomycin sclerotherapy (IBS) in children with lymphangioma and to determine the incidence of complications in the treatment. Seventeen lymphangioma cases were treated with IBS from 2004 to 2012. Age, mode of presentation, locations and types of lesions, and results of treatment were studied.

Management of epididymal cysts in childhood.

Background: A retrospective review was carried out to evaluate the clinical presentation of children with epididymal cysts (EC) and outcome of management at our institution.

Methods: There were 49 patients with EC in this series. The diagnosis of EC was made by physical examination and confirmed by ultrasound (US).

Treatment of acute scrotum in children: 5 years' experience.

Background: A retrospective review was carried out to determine the incidence of various causes and outcome of management in patients with acute scrotum.

Methods: Fifty children had a diagnosis of acute scrotum between 1st January 2007 and 15th May 2012. Age, mode of presentation, associated anomalies, and results of treatment were studied.

A new variation of urethral duplication.

Urethral duplication is a rare congenital anomaly. This case study intends to define a new anatomic variation of an accessory urethra. The case is a 5-year-old boy who presented with dorsal chordee requiring operative intervention.

Erythropoietin restores bowel damage and hypoperistalsis in gastroschisis.

Background And Purpose: Despite the decreased mortality in gastroschisis (Gx), patients experience postoperative intestinal hypoperistalsis, malabsorption, and shortened bowel length. The trophic effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rEpo) in the developing small bowel have been reported, increasing the length and height of the villi, and villous surface area. This study investigated the effects of rEpo on intestinal malfunction in the chick embryos with Gx.

Structural changes of smooth muscle in congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Background/purpose: Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is the most common cause of congenital hydronephrosis. Previous studies have reported that the excess amount of collagen restricting mobility and resiliency of the UPJ is the result of an impaired collagen production by anomalous smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Our purpose was to evaluate the role of SMC differentiation in the pathogenesis of UPJ obstruction.

Percutaneous treatment of hydatid liver cysts in children as a primary treatment: long-term results.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and long-term results of percutaneous treatment for hydatid liver cysts in pediatric patients.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-four pediatric patients (15 male, 19 female; ages 4-17 years; mean age, 9.4 years) with 51 hydatid liver cysts underwent ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous treatment with albendazole prophylaxis.

The efficacy of non-operative management in childhood blunt hepatic trauma.

Background: In this study the results of non-operative management of pediatric hepatic injury after blunt abdominal trauma were evaluated.

Methods: Multitrauma patients (n = 498) admitted between 1998 and 2002 were analysed as for mechanism of trauma retrospectively. Liver injuries were classified according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma's Organ Injury Scaling System.

Associated malformations in delayed presentation of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Background/purpose: Delayed presentation of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) has been considered rare, and clinical manifestations differ from the more common newborn entity. Associated malformations in late-appearing CDH have been reported in a few patients. The authors reviewed their clinical experience to catalogue the frequency and clinical importance of associated malformations in patients with late-presenting CDH.

Do alterations in collagen synthesis play an etiologic role in childhood inguinoscrotal pathologies: an immunohistochemical study.

Background/purpose: Previous findings have suggested that the development of adult inguinal hernias could be related to alterations in fibrillar collagen synthesis in the hernial sac as a decrease in the ratio of the relative amounts of type I/III collagen. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an alteration in type I and type III collagen synthesis was associated with the development of childhood inguinoscrotal pathologies.

Methods: The authors analyzed sacs from patients with inguinal hernia (n = 20), hydrocele (n = 10) and undescended testis (n = 10) immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies against alpha-smooth muscle actin, collagen type I and III.

The role of smooth muscle cell differentiation in the mechanism of obliteration of processus vaginalis.

Background/purpose: Development of indirect inguinal hernia and hydrocele in childhood is readily explained by the persistence of smooth muscle component around the processus vaginalis (PV) after the descent of the testis into the scrotum. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM MHC) isoforms as the markers of smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation in childhood inguinal hernia and hydrocele and in age-matched controls.

Methods: The authors analyzed sacs from patients with inguinal hernia (male, 10; female, 10) and hydrocele (n = 10) immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies against alpha-smooth muscle actin, SM1, SM2 and SMemb.

Ceacal perforation in a premature newborn infant complicating milk curd syndrome: case report.

A 34-weeks-old female baby having a closed ceacal perforation due to milk curd syndrome is reported. The obstructing milk curd was located in the transvers colon and the perforation was in the ceacum. Primary repair of the ceacal perforation, aspiration of the material from an enterotomy and a protective ileostomy were performed.