Confidence intervals for validation statistics with data truncation in genomic prediction.

Background: Validation by data truncation is a common practice in genetic evaluations because of the interest in predicting the genetic merit of a set of young selection candidates. Two of the most used validation methods in genetic evaluations use a single data partition: predictivity or predictive ability (correlation between pre-adjusted phenotypes and estimated breeding values (EBV) divided by the square root of the heritability) and the linear regression (LR) method (comparison of "early" and "late" EBV). Both methods compare predictions with the whole dataset and a partial dataset that is obtained by removing the information related to a set of validation individuals.

Violence and aggression against nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America. From the emerging leaders program of the Interamerican Society of Cardiology (SIAC).

Introduction: During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, healthcare providers have overcome difficult experiences such as workplace violence. Nurses are particularly vulnerable to workplace violence. The objective of this study was to characterize violence and aggression against nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America.

Blood pressure telemonitoring and telemedicine, a Latin America perspective.

Purpose: To share a Latin-American perspective of the use of telemedicine, together with blood pressure measurements outside the medical office, as a potential contribution to improving access to the health system, diagnosis, adherence, and persistence in hypertension treatment.

Material And Methods: A document settled by a Writing Group of Mexico Hypertension Experts Group, Interamerican Society of Hypertension, Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Prevention Council of the Interamerican Society of Cardiology, and National Cardiologist Association of Mexico.

Results: In almost all Latin American countries, the health sector faces two fundamental challenges: (1) ensure equitable access to quality care services in a growing population that faces an increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases, and (2) optimise the growing costs of health services, maintaining equity, accessibility, universality, and quality.

Impairments in hippocampal oscillations accompany the loss of LTP induced by GIRK activity blockade.

Learning and memory occurrence requires of hippocampal long-term synaptic plasticity and precise neural activity orchestrated by brain network oscillations, both processes reciprocally influencing each other. As G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels rule synaptic plasticity that supports hippocampal-dependent memory, here we assessed their unknown role in hippocampal oscillatory activity in relation to synaptic plasticity induction. In alert male mice, pharmacological GIRK modulation did not alter neural oscillations before long-term potentiation (LTP) induction.

BOARD-FTD-PACC: a graphical user interface for the synaptic and cross-frequency analysis derived from neural signals.

In order to understand the link between brain functional states and behavioral/cognitive processes, the information carried in neural oscillations can be retrieved using different analytic techniques. Processing these different bio-signals is a complex, time-consuming, and often non-automatized process that requires customization, due to the type of signal acquired, acquisition method implemented, and the objectives of each individual research group. To this end, a new graphical user interface (GUI), named BOARD-FTD-PACC, was developed and designed to facilitate the visualization, quantification, and analysis of neurophysiological recordings.

Blood pressure telemonitoring and telemedicine for hypertension management-positions, expectations and feasibility of Latin-American practitioners. SURVEY carried out by several cardiology and hypertension societies of the Americas.

Purpose: To assess the opinion of Latin-American physicians on remote blood pressure monitoring and telehealth for hypertension management.

Material And Methods: Cross-sectional survey of physicians residing in Latin-America. The study was conducted by the Mexico Hypertension Experts Group, Interamerican Society of Hypertension, Interamerican Society of Cardiology Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Prevention Council, and National Cardiologist Association of Mexico.

Facial Nerve Axotomy Induces Changes on Hippocampal CA3-to-CA1 Long-term Synaptic Plasticity.

Peripheral facial axotomy induces functional and structural central nervous system changes beyond facial motoneurons, causing, among others, changes in sensorimotor cortex and impairment in hippocampal-dependent memory tasks. Here, we explored facial nerve axotomy effects on basal transmission and long-term plasticity of commissural CA3-to-CA1 synapses. Adult, male rats were submitted to unilateral axotomy of the buccal and mandibular branches of facial nerve and allowed 1, 3, 7, or 21 days of recovery before performing electrophysiological recordings of contralateral CA3 (cCA3) stimulation-evoked CA1 field postsynaptic potential in basal conditions and after high frequency stimulation (HFS) (six, one-second length, 100 Hz stimuli trains).

A segmental osteotomy with 3D virtual planning to move a malpositioned dental implant.

Background: Correct positioning and alignment of dental implants are crucial to successfully meet the aesthetic and functional criteria in implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. When an implant is in the wrong position, especially in the esthetical zone, there are limited options to solve it. Some techniques have been described to reposition implants, such as reverse torque, trephine drills, and segmental osteotomies; current approaches aim to reduce the damage of the periimplant tissues.

G-Protein-Gated Inwardly Rectifying Potassium (Kir3/GIRK) Channels Govern Synaptic Plasticity That Supports Hippocampal-Dependent Cognitive Functions in Male Mice.

The G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir3/GIRK) channel is the effector of many G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Its dysfunction has been linked to the pathophysiology of Down syndrome, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, psychiatric disorders, epilepsy, drug addiction, or alcoholism. In the hippocampus, GIRK channels decrease excitability of the cells and contribute to resting membrane potential and inhibitory neurotransmission.

Chikungunya and the Heart.

Introduction: Neglected tropical diseases are a group of communicable diseases that occur in tropical and subtropical conditions and are closely related to poverty and inadequate sanitation conditions. Among these entities, chikungunya remains one of the most widely spread diseases. Although the main symptoms are related to a febrile syndrome, cardiovascular (CV) involvement has been reported, with short- and long-term implications.

Acute Effects of Two Different Species of Amyloid- on Oscillatory Activity and Synaptic Plasticity in the Commissural CA3-CA1 Circuit of the Hippocampus.

Recent evidence indicates that soluble amyloid- (A) species induce imbalances in excitatory and inhibitory transmission, resulting in neural network functional impairment and cognitive deficits during early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To evaluate the effects of two soluble A species (A and A ) on commissural CA3-to-CA1 (cCA3-to-CA1) synaptic transmission and plasticity, and CA1 oscillatory activity, we used acute intrahippocampal microinjections in adult anaesthetized male Wistar rats. Soluble A microinjection increased cCA3-to-CA1 synaptic variability without significant changes in synaptic efficiency.

Zika & heart: A systematic review.

Zika virus infection affects more than 80 countries in the world, mainly those with a tropical climate. Although the most frequent clinical presentation is characterized by rash, conjunctivitis, myalgia, arthralgia and fever, in some cases it is associated with cardiovascular manifestations, such as myocarditis, pericarditis, heart failure and arrhythmias. Furthermore, maternal transmission of the virus generates congenital Zika syndrome, which is associated with cardiac septal defects.

Bexarotene therapy ameliorates behavioral deficits and induces functional and molecular changes in very-old Triple Transgenic Mice model of Alzheimer´s disease.

Introduction: Bexarotene, a retinoid X receptor agonist, improves cognition in murine models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study evaluated the effects of bexarotene on pathological and electrophysiological changes in very old triple transgenic AD mice (3xTg-AD mice).

Methods: 24-month-old 3xTg-AD mice were treated with bexarotene (100 mg/kg/day for 30 days).

Overtraining modifies spatial memory susceptibility to corticosterone administration.

Even though the effects of overtraining and glucocorticoids on different phases of spatial memory are known, the interaction between these factors on the retrieval and extinction of spatial memory has not yet been described. Adult male Wistar rats received eight training trials per day in the Barnes maze for either one or two days. Twenty-four hours after the last training trial they were randomly assigned for receiving an intraperitoneal vehicle or corticosterone injection (0.

Vibrissal paralysis produces increased corticosterone levels and impairment of spatial memory retrieval.

This research was aimed at establishing how the absence of active whisking in rats affects acquisition and recovery of spatial memory. The mystacial vibrissae were irreversibly paralyzed by cutting the facial nerve's mandibular and buccal branches bilaterally in the facial nerve lesion group (N=14); control animals were submitted to sham-surgery (N=15). Sham-operated (N=11) and facial nerve-lesioned (N=10) animals were trained (one session, eight acquisition trials) and tested 24h later in a circular Barnes maze.

Histone deacetylase inhibition abolishes stress-induced spatial memory impairment.

Acute stress induced before spatial training impairs memory consolidation. Although non-epigenetic underpinning of such effect has been described, the epigenetic mechanisms involved have not yet been studied. Since spatial training and intense stress have opposite effects on histone acetylation balance, it is conceivable that disruption of such balance may underlie acute stress-induced spatial memory consolidation impairment and that inhibiting histone deacetylases prevents such effect.

CDK5 knockdown prevents hippocampal degeneration and cognitive dysfunction produced by cerebral ischemia.

Acute ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular accident and it is the most common cause of physical disabilities around the globe. Patients may present with repeated ictuses, experiencing mental consequences, such as depression and cognitive disorders. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a kinase that is involved in neurotransmission and plasticity, but its dysregulation contributes to cognitive disorders and dementia.

Layer 5 Pyramidal Neurons' Dendritic Remodeling and Increased Microglial Density in Primary Motor Cortex in a Murine Model of Facial Paralysis.

This work was aimed at characterizing structural changes in primary motor cortex layer 5 pyramidal neurons and their relationship with microglial density induced by facial nerve lesion using a murine facial paralysis model. Adult transgenic mice, expressing green fluorescent protein in microglia and yellow fluorescent protein in projecting neurons, were submitted to either unilateral section of the facial nerve or sham surgery. Injured animals were sacrificed either 1 or 3 weeks after surgery.

Acute restraint stress and corticosterone transiently disrupts novelty preference in an object recognition task.

The object recognition task is a procedure based on rodents' natural tendency to explore novel objects which is frequently used for memory testing. However, in some instances novelty preference is replaced by familiarity preference, raising questions regarding the validity of novelty preference as a pure recognition memory index. Acute stress- and corticosterone administration-induced novel object preference disruption has been frequently interpreted as memory impairment; however, it is still not clear whether such effect can be actually attributed to either mnemonic disruption or altered novelty seeking.

Divergent short- and long-term effects of acute stress in object recognition memory are mediated by endogenous opioid system activation.

Acute stress induces short-term object recognition memory impairment and elicits endogenous opioid system activation. The aim of this study was thus to evaluate whether opiate system activation mediates the acute stress-induced object recognition memory changes. Adult male Wistar rats were trained in an object recognition task designed to test both short- and long-term memory.

Peripheral facial nerve lesions induce changes in the firing properties of primary motor cortex layer 5 pyramidal cells.

Facial nerve lesions elicit long-lasting changes in vibrissal primary motor cortex (M1) muscular representation in rodents. Reorganization of cortical representation has been attributed to potentiation of preexisting horizontal connections coming from neighboring muscle representation. However, changes in layer 5 pyramidal neuron activity induced by facial nerve lesion have not yet been explored.

[Peripheral facial nerve lesion induced long-term dendritic retraction in pyramidal cortico-facial neurons].

Introduction: Little evidence is available concerning the morphological modifications of motor cortex neurons associated with peripheral nerve injuries, and the consequences of those injuries on post lesion functional recovery.

Objective: Dendritic branching of cortico-facial neurons was characterized with respect to the effects of irreversible facial nerve injury.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-four adult male rats were distributed into four groups: sham (no lesion surgery), and dendritic assessment at 1, 3 and 5 weeks post surgery.

Characterizing spatial extinction in an abbreviated version of the Barnes maze.

Adult male Wistar rats were trained to find an escape box in the Barnes maze in order to characterize the extinction process of a learned spatial preference. To do so, once they had fully acquired the spatial task, they were repeatedly exposed to the maze without the escape box. Multiple behavioral measurements (grouped into motor skill and spatial preference indicators) were followed up throughout the complete training process.

Vibrissal paralysis unveils a preference for textural rather than positional novelty in the one-trial object recognition task in rats.

In order to explore the role of active whisking in object novelty detection, the performance of rats having bilateral vibrissal paralysis was compared to that of non-lesioned animals in three modified versions of the one-trial object recognition task performed in the dark. Vibrissal paralysis was induced by crushing the buccal and mandibular branches of the facial nerve. Lesioned animals were not different from non-lesioned ones in terms of weight-gain, locomotive activity, motivation to explore, and ability to become habituated to a given environment.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors improve learning consolidation in young and in KA-induced-neurodegeneration and SAMP-8-mutant mice.

Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are enzymes that maintain chromatin in a condensate state, related with absence of transcription. We have studied the role of HDAC on learning and memory processes. Both eyeblink classical conditioning (EBCC) and object recognition memory (ORM) induced an increase in histone H3 acetylation (Ac-H3).