Publications by authors named "Munemasa Nagao"

Article Synopsis
  • * Researchers discovered an increase in the genus Streptococcus and a decrease in butyrate-producing bacteria in pancreatic cancer patients, which may influence cancer progression.
  • * The results suggest a unique microbial signature in Japanese patients with pancreatic cancer, highlighting the need for further research to understand the microbiome's potential role in the disease and to explore targeted treatment options.
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Background: Pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed at advanced stages, and early-stage diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is difficult because of nonspecific symptoms and lack of available biomarkers.

Methods: We performed comprehensive serum miRNA sequencing of 212 pancreatic cancer patient samples from 14 hospitals and 213 non-cancerous healthy control samples. We randomly classified the pancreatic cancer and control samples into two cohorts: a training cohort (N = 185) and a validation cohort (N = 240).

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Mesenchymal activation, characterized by dense stromal infiltration of immune and mesenchymal cells, fuels the aggressiveness of colorectal cancers (CRC), driving progression and metastasis. Targetable molecules in the tumor microenvironment (TME) need to be identified to improve the outcome in CRC patients with this aggressive phenotype. This study reports a positive link between high thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) expression and mesenchymal characteristics, immunosuppression, and unfavorable CRC prognosis.

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RECK is downregulated in various human cancers; however, how RECK inactivation affects carcinogenesis remains unclear. We addressed this issue in a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) mouse model and found that pancreatic Reck deletion dramatically augmented the spontaneous development of PDAC with a mesenchymal phenotype, which was accompanied by increased liver metastases and decreased survival. Lineage tracing revealed that pancreatic Reck deletion induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PDAC cells, giving rise to inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblast-like cells in mice.

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A 70-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of slight elevation of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and accumulation of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in S8 of the liver on positron emission tomography. The mass was strongly suspected to be malignant because of contrast enhancement and enlargement in size of the mass, and suspicion of portal vein invasion. Hepatic S8 subsegmentectomy was performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

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Biliary tract cancer (BTC) has poor prognosis. The Notch receptor is aberrantly expressed in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA). However, the role of Notch signaling in the initiation and progression of eCCA and gallbladder (GB) cancer remains unknown.

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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease. We previously reported that chromatin remodeler Brg1 is essential for acinar cell-derived PDAC formation in mice. However, the functional role of Brg1 in established PDAC and its metastasis remains unknown.

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A man in his 60s was admitted because of abdominal pain and fatigue. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) showed a hypovascular tumor, 7 cm in size, in the left lobe of liver. He had no history of alcohol consumption.

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and mutations are frequently observed in extrahepatic biliary cancer. Mutations of and are independent risk factors for poor prognosis in biliary cancer. However, the exact role of p53 in the development of extrahepatic biliary cancer remains elusive.

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Tumor stem cells (TSCs), capable of self-renewal and continuous production of progeny cells, could be potential therapeutic targets. We have recently reported that chromatin remodeling regulator Brg1 is required for maintenance of murine intestinal TSCs and stemness feature of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by inhibiting apoptosis. However, it is still unclear how BRG1 suppression changes the underlying intracellular mechanisms of human CRC cells.

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Background & Aims: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) arises from several types of premalignant lesions, including intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm (ITPN); however, the molecular pathogenesis of ITPN remains unknown.

Methods: We performed studies with Hnf1b-Cre; Pten; Arid1a mice to investigate the consequence of genetic deletion of Arid1a in adult pancreatic ductal cells in the context of oncogenic PI3K/Akt pathway activation.

Results: Simultaneous deletion of Arid1a and Pten in pancreatic ductal cells resulted in the development of ITPN, which progressed to PDAC, in mice.

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Unlabelled: Biliary cancer has long been known to carry a poor prognosis, yet the molecular pathogenesis of carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary system and its precursor lesions remains elusive. Here we investigated the role of Kras and canonical Wnt pathways in the tumorigenesis of the extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) and gall bladder (GB). In mice, concurrent activation of Kras and Wnt pathways induced biliary neoplasms that resembled human intracholecystic papillary-tubular neoplasm (ICPN) and biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN), putative precursors to invasive biliary cancer.

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Article Synopsis
  • Tumor stem cells (TSCs) have the ability to self-renew and produce more tumor cells, making them key targets for cancer treatment, although their survival mechanisms are still unclear.
  • The study found that the chromatin remodeling regulator Brg1 is essential for the maintenance and self-renewal of intestinal TSCs in mice, and its loss significantly reduces intestinal tumors.
  • In human colorectal cancer, Brg1 is linked to cell proliferation and survival; its suppression leads to increased apoptosis and affects the expression of genes related to stemness, suggesting Brg1 as a potential therapeutic target for treatment.
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Background & Aims: SETDB1, a histone methyltransferase that trimethylates histone H3 on lysine 9, promotes development of several tumor types. We investigated whether SETDB1 contributes to development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods: We performed studies with Ptf1a; Kras; Setdb1, Ptf1a; Kras; Trp53; Setdb1, and Ptf1a; Kras; Trp53; Setdb1 mice to investigate the effects of disruption of Setdb1 in mice with activated KRAS-induced pancreatic tumorigenesis, with heterozygous or homozygous disruption of Trp53.

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Colonic epithelial cells comprise the mucosal barrier, and their dysfunction promotes microbial invasion from the gut lumen and induces the development of intestinal inflammation. The EP4 receptor is known to mediate the protective effect of prostaglandin (PG) E in the gastrointestinal tract; however, the exact role of epithelial EP4 in intestinal pathophysiology remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of epithelial EP4 in maintaining colonic homeostasis by characterizing the intestinal epithelial cell-specific EP4 knockout (EP4 cKO) mice.

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Background & Aims: The ARID1A gene encodes a protein that is part of the large adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF and is frequently mutated in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). We investigated the functions of ARID1A during formation of PDACs in mice.

Methods: We performed studies with Ptf1a-Cre;Kras mice, which express activated Kras in the pancreas and develop pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs), as well as those with disruption of Aird1a (Ptf1a-Cre;Kras;Arid1a mice) or disruption of Brg1 (encodes a catalytic ATPase of the SWI/SNF complex) (Ptf1a-Cre;Kras; Brg1mice).

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Background: Actinomycosis is a rare bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces. The symptom of actinomycosis is nonspecific and radiological images present as a slow-progressive mass lesion similarly to malignancies. Thus, it is difficult to distinguish pulmonary actinomycosis from malignancies.

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