Segmental arterial mediolysis with subarachnoid hemorrhage following chronic internal carotid artery dissection: illustrative case.

Background: Segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) is a rare, noninflammatory vascular disease primarily affecting small to medium arteries. Although neurological presentations like subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and ischemic stroke have been reported, awareness of SAM in neurology remains limited. The authors present a unique case of SAM with SAH following chronic internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection and explore the clinical course and potential ethnic implications of the disease.

A case of A20 haploinsufficiency complicated by autoimmune hepatitis.

Aim: A20 haploinsufficiency (HA20) is a recently described autoinflammatory disease that manifests symptoms similar to those of Behçet's disease. However, little is known about the involvement of the liver in HA20. Here, we report a case of HA20 complicated by autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).

Polyglutamine expansion disturbs the endoplasmic reticulum formation, leading to caspase-7 activation through Bax.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a pivotal role in cellular functions such as the ER stress response. However, the effect of the ER membrane on caspase activation remains unclear. This study reveals that polyglutamine oligomers augmented at ER induce insertion of Bax into the ER membrane, thereby activating caspase-7.