Changes in the Subchondral Bone Affect Pain in the Natural Course of Traumatic Articular Cartilage Defects.

Objective: Articular cartilage defect causes joint pain and finally progresses to osteoarthritis. Although the subchondral bone condition affects clinical outcomes of cartilage defects, the natural course of changes in subchondral bone and associated pain in full-thickness cartilage defects remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated the natural course of histological changes in subchondral bone and joint pain in cartilage defects using a rat model.

Therapeutic effect of targeting Substance P on the progression of osteoarthritis.

Objectives: Substance P (SP) modulates NK1 and has various functions such as regulation of pain response, bone metabolism, and angiogenesis, which are recognized as important factors in osteoarthritis (OA). We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of targeting SP on OA progression.

Methods: SP expression patterns were analysed histologically in articular cartilage and subchondral bone of human knees from OA patients and autopsy donors as non-OA samples and in mouse articular cartilage.

Characteristic Bone Morphology Change of the Subtalar Joint in Severe Varus Ankle Osteoarthritis.

The subtalar joint has a possible compensatory mechanism for supramalleolar deformities; the failure of this mechanism causes the progression of ankle osteoarthritis. However, the reason for this failure has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of the morphologic changes in the subtalar joint in varus ankle osteoarthritis using computed tomography.

Association between medial meniscus extrusion under weight-bearing conditions and pain in early-stage knee osteoarthritis.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association between the severity of medial meniscus extrusion (MME) under weight bearing and pain in patients with early-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: Twenty-eight patients with symptomatic early-stage knee OA (Kellgren and Lawrence grade ≤ 2) who visited our outpatient clinic between 2016 and 2018 were included in this cross-sectional study (mean age: 58.0 ± 11.

The correlation between osteoarthritis stage and the effect of the lateral wedge insole for 3 months on medial meniscus extrusion in the knee joint.

Background: Medial meniscus extrusion (MME) leads to symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) due to increased mechanical stress. MME increases with weight-bearing, and the difference in MME between non-weight-bearing and weight-bearing status (ΔMME) is a factor that causes greater MME. The lateral wedge insole (LWI) is an ideal approach for decreasing the amount of ΔMME associated with the reduction of medial loading stress in the early stage of knee OA.

Arthroscopic triple arthrodesis for the patient with rheumatoid arthritis; a case report.

We treated a 60 - year - old man with pes planovalgus due to rheumatoid arthritis. He had been suffering from left foot pain with swelling. Despite drug therapy, his foot pain and deformity had got worsen.

The Potential of Bone Debris as a Bioactive Composite for Bone Grafting in Arthroscopic Ankle Arthrodesis.

Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis (AAA) has advantages of being less invasive and achieving a high bone union rate. However, there are still some nonunion or delayed union cases, especially those of high-grade deformity. During AAA, curettage of the subchondral bone using an abrader burr provides bone debris, and there is the possibility of bone debris being used as autograft to improve bone union.

Bone Mineralization Changes in the Subchondral Bone of the Medial Gutter in Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability.

Background: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) induces osteoarthritis (OA) by inflicting abnormal stresses on the medial gutter. It is important to detect early OA change and to explore factors likely to induce the OA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate subchondral bone change in the medial gutter of CAI using computed tomography (CT) scans.

Retrograde Drilling for Osteochondral Lesion of the Talus in Juvenile Patients.

Background: Retrograde drilling (RD) is generally used for treating osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) with a stable osteochondral fragment and nearly normal articular cartilage surface. Previous studies that included participants of various ages have reported good clinical results. This study aimed to clarify the clinical outcomes of RD for OLT in juvenile patients whose bone-forming ability and physical activity might affect the healing process.

Safe angles of ATFL and CFL anchor insertion into anatomical attachment of fibula in a lateral ankle ligament repair.

Background: Lateral ankle ligament repair for chronic lateral ankle instability is common, and arthroscopic repair of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) has been widely performed. However, it is desirable to repair of calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) combined with arthroscopic ATFL repair to obtain good long term clinical outcomes. Repairing CFL through small skin incision, there is the possibility to interfere with ATFL and CFL anchors because of close attachment of ATFL and CFL at fibula.

Relationship of T2 Value of High-signal Line on MRI to the Fragment in Osteochondral Lesion of the Talus.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful for evaluating the stability of an osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT). A T2 high-signal line between the fragment and its bed on MRI is known as a reliable indicator of an unstable lesion. However, the lesion exhibits various conditions even if a T2 high-signal line is observed.

Role of vasoactive intestinal peptide in the progression of osteoarthritis through bone sclerosis and angiogenesis in subchondral bone.

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disorder, with abnormal remodeling of subchondral bone linked to the disruption of cartilage metabolism. Nerves also play an important role in bone remodeling in OA progression, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), one of the neuropeptides, plays an important role in bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression pattern of VIP in subchondral bone, and its potential as a therapeutic target for OA progression.

Clinical Results of Bioabsorbable Pin Fixation Relative to the Bone Condition for Osteochondral Lesion of the Talus.

Background: Fixation of an osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) can restore the natural congruency of the joint surface with hyaline cartilage. In this procedure, the bone condition of the osteochondral fragment is important for stabilizing the lesion, and it may affect clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of the fragment's bone condition on clinical outcomes.

Increase in medial meniscal extrusion in the weight-bearing position observed on ultrasonography correlates with lateral thrust in early-stage knee osteoarthritis.

Background: Lateral thrust is known to be risk factors for knee osteoarthritis progression. Medial meniscus extrusion is also known to be risk factors for knee osteoarthritis progression; moreover, the amount of change in medial meniscus extrusion from non-weight bearing to weight bearing is an important factor for the progression of knee osteoarthritis. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between lateral thrust and the change in medial meniscus extrusion.

Application of a peripheral vein illumination device to reduce saphenous structure injury caused by screw insertion during arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis.

Background: Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis (AAA) is minimally invasive surgery, whereby percutaneous screw fixation is used through the medial aspect of the distal tibia to fusion the ankle, but it carries the risk of the saphenous vein and nerve injuries. The near-infrared (NIR) vascular imaging system, the VeinViewer Flex, projects an image of the vein onto the skin, and the visualization of the vein may reduce the vein and nerve injuries. The purpose of this study is to investigate the risk of the saphenous vein injury by the percutaneous screw insertion during AAA, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the NIR vascular imaging system in the reduction of the saphenous vein injury.

MRI Tracking of the Effect of Bioabsorbable Pins on Bone Marrow Edema After Fixation of the Osteochondral Fragment in the Talus.

Background:: Large osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) with good articular cartilage can be fixed by using bioabsorbable pins. These pins have various advantages but they can have adverse effects such as foreign body inflammation. This negative impact of pins on subchondral bone can be seen as bone marrow edema (BME) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

The Benefit of Minced Cartilage Over Isolated Chondrocytes in Atelocollagen Gel on Chondrocyte Proliferation and Migration.

Objective: Autologous chondrocyte implantation is a necessary procedure for the repair of articular cartilage defects; however, isolated chondrocyte implantation requires a 2-step procedure (for harvesting and implantation) and is limited by cytotoxicity due to enzymatic digestion. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the possible benefit of using minced cartilage embedded in a 3-dimensional culture scaffold and fixed with fibrin glue, in comparison with isolated chondrocytes in atelocollagen, to induce cell migration, proliferation, and matrix production, using cartilage from patients with knee joint osteoarthritis.

Design: Cartilage fragments were obtained from 7 female patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and embedded in atelocollagen gels.

Evaluation of Articular Cartilage Injury Using Computed Tomography With Axial Traction in the Ankle Joint.

Background: Although chondral or osteochondral injuries are usually assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, its accuracy can be low, presumably related to the relatively thin cartilage layer and the close apposition of the cartilage of the talus and tibial plafond. We hypothesized that axial traction could provide a contrast between the articular cartilage and joint cavity, and it enabled the simultaneous evaluation of cartilage and subchondral bone. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of using computed tomography (CT) imaging with axial traction for the diagnosis of articular cartilage injuries.

Relationship Between Bone Marrow Lesions on MRI and Cartilage Degeneration in Osteochondral Lesions of the Talar Dome.

Background: In the evaluation of osteochondral lesions of the talar dome (OLT), bone marrow lesions (BML) are commonly observed in the subchondral bone on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the significance of BML, such as the histology of the overlying cartilage, is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the BML and cartilage degeneration in OLT.

Akinetic mutism caused by HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy was successfully treated with mefloquine: a serial multimodal MRI Study.

We report a case of a patient with highly active anti-retroviral therapy-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The patient showed an improvement in imaging findings and clinical symptoms after mefloquine was introduced as an additional treatment. Serial assessment of white matter lesions was conducted by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).

[A case of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with malignant lymphoma presenting with a late-onset bilateral thalamic lesion].

A 63-year-old man presented with cognitive impairment including disturbance of memory functions and character change. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed signal hyperintensities in the bilateral medial temporal lobes. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed high protein concentrations, positive results for the oligoclonal band, and a slightly positive result for glutamate receptor ε2 (GluRε2) antibody.