Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for gastric varices via the intercostal vein.

Gastric varices are usually associated with a gastro-renal (G-R) shunt. However, the gastric varices described in this case report were not associated with a G-R shunt. The inflow vessel was the posterior gastric vein and the outflow vessels were the narrow inferior phrenic vein and the dilated cardio-phrenic vein.

Dual microcatheter retrograde transvenous obliteration of gastric varices: coil embolization as a substitute for balloon occlusion.

Dual microcatheter retrograde transvenous obliteration (DMRTO) of gastric varices enables dual microcatheters to be advanced to the gastric varices themselves or to a site adjacent to the varices. The sclerosing agent is infused through the first microcatheter following coil embolization of the outflow vessels through the second microcatheter, which is placed several centimeters back from the varices. We present two cases of gastric varices in whom balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration failed, because of angulated gastrosubphrenic shunt in case 1 and a tortuous and elongated gastrorenal shunt in case 2.

Balloon occlusion retrograde transvenous obliteration for inferior mesenteric vein-systemic shunt.

Two cases of portosystemic encephalopathy caused by an inferior mesenteric vein (IMV)-internal iliac vein shunt and an IMV-renal vein shunt are presented. IMV and systemic varicosity consisted of a first functional segment, a stagnant segment, and a second functional segment. Both patients underwent balloon occlusion retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO), using a microcatheter, to occlude the stagnant segment selectively.

Interlocking detachable coil embolization by technique of dumbbell-shaped framing and filling and bridge formation under balloon dilatation for huge conglomerate pulmonary arteriovenous malformation.

A 60-year-old woman presented with a conglomerate pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) size 8.2 × 7.2 cm on chest X-ray.

Fibroadenoma of the axillary accessory breast: diagnostic value of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging.

Accessory breast is synonymous with polymastia or supernumerary breast tissue. An accessory breast without a nipple or areola is rare. We report a case of fibroadenoma of an accessory breast with no nipple or areola in a 41-year-old woman who presented with a right axillary mass associated with five small nodules in the normally situated breast.