[A Case of Left Vertebral Artery Aneurysm Showing Evoked Potentials on Bilateral Electrode by the Left Vagus Nerve Stimulation to Electromyographic Tracheal Tube].

Previously, we reported a case of brainstem cavernous hemangioma showing false positive responses to electromyographic tracheal tube (EMG tube). We concluded that the cause was spontaneous respiration accompanied by vocal cord movement. We report a case of left vertebral artery aneurysm showing evoked potentials on bilateral electrodes by the left vagus nerve stimulation to EMG tube.

[A Case of Brainstem Cavernous Hemangioma Showing False Positive Response to Electromyographic Tracheal Tube].

Brainstem cavernous hemangioma is a complex lesion associated with hemorrhage and neurological deficit. The damage of the vagus nerve is a devastating surgical complication. Therefore, intraoperative anatomical and functional evaluation of this nerve is crucial.

[Monitoring of Somatosensory Evoked Potentials during Foramen Magnum Decompression of Chiari Malformation Type I Complicated with Syringomyelia: A Report of Two Cases].

Few reports exist on anesthetic management for foramen magnum decompression (FMD) of Chiari malformation type I (CM I) complicated with syringomyelia. In two such cases we monitored somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP). Case 1 : A 40-year-old woman presented with occipital headache and nuchal pain for 2 months; numbness and muscular weakness of bilateral upper limbs for a month.

[Investigation of the neck swelling caused by accumulation of irrigation fluid during shoulder arthroscopy in the beach-chair position: second report].

Background: Previously, we reported that pre- and postoperative measurement of the neck circumference might be an easy and useful measure for prediction of postoperative airway obstruction in shoulder arthroscopy. However, it is suggested that airway pressure to cause a cuff leak around the tracheal tube in a cuff deflated condition (cuff leak pressure) is a predictor of postoperative airway obstruction. We studied a correlation between the neck circumference and the cuff leak pressure.

[Monitoring of jugular venous oxygen saturation during superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis under intraaortic balloon pumping: a case report].

A 77-year-old man scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting underwent left superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis (STA MCA). Before anesthesia, we planned to insert an intraaortic balloon pump as a perioperative circulatory assist. In addition, a fiberoptic catheter was inserted in the proximity of the right jugular bulb to monitor jugular venous oxygen saturation (Sjv(O2)) as an index of the balance between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2).

[Seven cases of parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism using methylene blue: suggestion for the method of methylene blue infusion].

Background: Intraoperative staining of the parathyroid glands with intravenously administered methylene blue is well described and has been demonstrated as an effective and safe method to facilitate parathyroidectomy. However, there have been several literatures of the development of postoperative neurological toxicity in patients who received methylene blue infusion during parathyroidectomy. We report the method of methylene blue infusion during parathyroidectomy at our institution.

[Investigation of the neck swelling due to accumulation of irrigation fluid during shoulder arthroscopy in the beach-chair position].

Background: The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of neck swelling by accumulation of irrigation fluid during shoulder arthroscopy in the beach-chair position.

Methods: Twenty-one patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy in the beach-chair position were included in this study. There were 16 male and 5 female patients, with a mean age of 58.

Dexmedetomidine inhibits muscarinic type 3 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes and muscarine-induced intracellular Ca2+ elevation in cultured rat dorsal root ganglia cells.

Dexmedetomidine, an alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist, has been approved for clinical use, although the mechanism of dexmedetomidine action has not been fully elucidated. Several studies have shown that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are recognized as targets for anesthetics and analgesics. Therefore, it is of interest to determine whether dexmedetomidine affects the function of GPCRs other than the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor.

Effects of anesthetics on the function of orexin-1 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes.

Neurons in the hypothalamus containing the neuropeptide orexin have been implicated in the control of sleep and wakefulness and in the pathology of narcolepsy. In this study, we investigated the effects of volatile anesthetics, ethanol and intravenous anesthetics on orexin-A-induced Ca2+-activated Cl- currents using Xenopus oocytes expressing orexin-1 receptors (OX1Rs). The volatile anesthetics isoflurane, enflurane and halothane inhibited Cl- currents elicited by 1-micromol/l orexin-A.

[Anesthesia for a patient with polyarteritis nodosa who has a history of multiple drug allergies].

There has been little information about anesthesia for a patient with a history of multiple drug allergies. We gave anesthesia for a 32-year-old woman with polyarteritis nodosa and history of multiple drug allergies. She was scheduled to undergo bilateral tonsilectomy.

The tramadol metabolite, O-desmethyl tramadol, inhibits 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2C receptors expressed in Xenopus Oocytes.

Purpose: Tramadol is widely used clinically as an analgesic, yet the mechanism by which it produces antinociception remains unclear. O-Desmethyl tramadol, the main metabolite of tramadol, is a more potent analgesic than tramadol. We reported previously that tramadol inhibits the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) type 2C receptor (5-HT(2C)R), a G-protein-coupled receptor that is expressed widely within brain and that mediates several effects of 5-HT, including nociception, feeding, and locomotion.

Effects of anesthetics on mutant N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes.

Alcohols, inhaled anesthetics, and some injectable anesthetics inhibit the function of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, but the mechanisms responsible for this inhibition are not fully understood. Recently, it was shown that ethanol inhibition of NMDA receptors was reduced by mutation of residues in the transmembrane (TM) segment 3 of the NR1 subunit (F639A) or in TM4 of the NR2A subunit (A825W), suggesting putative ethanol binding sites. We hypothesized that the actions of other anesthetics might also require these amino acids and evaluated the effects of anesthetics on the NMDA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes with two-electrode voltage-clamp recording.

[Anesthetic management of a patient in whom one-lung ventilation occurred due to an incorrectly positioned stent].

Stents are inserted for severe stenosis of the trachea owing to malignant tumors, but an incorrectly positioned stent can cause airway obstruction. Here, we report the anesthetic management of a patient undergoing removal of an incorrectly positioned stent. A 56-year-old man had a stent inserted in the trachea for stenosis caused by a tumor.

Gargling with sodium azulene sulfonate reduces the postoperative sore throat after intubation of the trachea.

Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a complication that remains to be resolved in patients undergoing endotracheal intubation. In this study, we investigated whether preoperative gargling with sodium 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropylazulene-3-sulfonate monohydrate (sodium azulene sulfonate, Azunol) reduces POST after endotracheal intubation. Forty patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomized into Azunol and control groups.

The effects of the tramadol metabolite O-desmethyl tramadol on muscarinic receptor-induced responses in Xenopus oocytes expressing cloned M1 or M3 receptors.

O-desmethyl tramadol is one of the main metabolites of tramadol. It has been widely used clinically and has analgesic activity. Muscarinic receptors are involved in neuronal functions in the brain and autonomic nervous system, and much attention has been paid to these receptors as targets for analgesic drugs in the central nervous system.

The effects of the neurosteroids: pregnenolone, progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone on muscarinic receptor-induced responses in Xenopus oocytes expressing M1 and M3 receptors.

The neurosteroids pregnenolone, progesterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) occur naturally in the nervous system. They act on neural tissues, participate in neuronal signaling, and are reported to alter neuronal excitability via nongenomic mechanisms. Muscarinic receptors have important roles in neuronal functions in the brain and autonomic nervous system.

[Complications related to anesthesia method in the University of Occupational and Environmental Health Hospital].

Background: Complications related to anesthesia remain a problem. We studied the incidence of complications during anesthesia in 2758 patients who had undergone anesthesia in the University of Occupational and Environmental Health Hospital.

Methods: We checked the anesthesia records retrospectively and analyzed the collected data for the incidence of complications during anesthesia.

The inhibition of aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation by the intravenous anesthetic ketamine.

Smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation has been recognized as central to the pathology of both major forms of vascular disease, atherosclerosis and hypertension. Recently, we reported that ketamine inhibits rat mesangial cell proliferation, suggesting that ketamine inhibits cell growth. Although the IV anesthetic ketamine has been widely used clinically, the exact effects of ketamine on vascular SMC proliferation have not been studied.

Analysis of the effects of halothane on Gi-coupled muscarinic M2 receptor signaling in Xenopus oocytes using a chimeric G alpha protein.

Metabotropic G protein-coupled receptors have recently been recognized as targets for anesthetics and analgesics. In particular, G(q)-coupled receptors such as muscarinic M(1) receptors (M(1)R) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) type 2A receptors have been reported to be targets for anesthetics. Much less is known, however, about the effects of anesthetics on G(i)-coupled receptors.

Intramuscular tramadol increases gastric pH during anesthesia.

Purpose: Tramadol, [(1RS, 2RS)-2-dimethylamino) methyl-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-cyclohexanol hydrochloride], is an analgesic in clinical use. It has been reported that tramadol inhibits muscarinic type 3 receptor function, which primarily mediates smooth muscle contraction and glandular secretion. We investigated the effects of tramadol on the pH of gastric juices during anesthesia to determine whether tramadol inhibits secretion from the gastric glands.

The inhibitory effects of tramadol on 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2C receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes.

Unlabelled: Although tramadol is widely available as an analgesic, its mechanism of antinociception remains unresolved. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a monoaminergic neurotransmitter that modulates numerous sensory, motor, and behavioral processes. The 5-HT type 2C receptor (5-HT(2C)R) is one of the major 5-HT receptor subtypes and is implicated in many important effects of 5-HT, including pain, feeding, and locomotion.

A forskolin derivative, colforsin daropate hydrochloride, inhibits the decrease in cortical renal blood flow induced by noradrenaline or angiotensin II in anesthetized rats.

A forskolin derivative, colforsin daropate hydrochloride (CDH), acts directly on adenylate cyclase to increase the intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels which produce a positive inotropic effect and a lower blood pressure. However, little is known about the effects of CDH on the renal function. We used laser Doppler flowmetry to measure the cortical renal blood flow (RBF) in male Wistar rats given a continuous intravenous infusion of CDH and evaluated the effects of CDH on the noradrenaline (NA) and angiotensin II (AngII) induced increases in blood pressure and reductions in RBF.

Effects of alcohols and anesthetics on recombinant voltage-gated Na+ channels.

Voltage-gated Na(+) channels (Na(+) channels) mediate the rising phase of action potentials in neurons and excitable cells. Nine subtypes of the alpha subunit (Na(v)1.1-Na(v)1.