Effects of Nelumbo nucifera Leaf Extract on Obesity.

The two main components from a Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract (NnEx) were investigated for their ability to prevent triglyceride accumulation and promoting lipolysis. Sun-dried Nelumbo nucifera leaves were immersed in hot water to extract the soluble components, and the resulting solution was analyzed by LC-MS and nuclear magnetic resonance. The results showed that quercetin-3-O-ß-glucuronide (Q3GA) and quercetin were the key components of the NnEx.

Whey protein hydrolysates enhance water absorption in the perfused small intestine of anesthetized rats.

We evaluated the effect of whey protein hydrolysates (WPH) on the water absorption rate in the small intestine using a rat small intestine perfusion model. The rate was significantly higher with 5 g/L WPH than with 5 g/L soy protein hydrolysates or physiological saline (p < 0.05).

Strand-specific RNA-seq analysis of the Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus transcriptome.

Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038 (Lb. bulgaricus 2038) is an industrial bacterium that is used as a starter for dairy products.

A simple competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the specific detection of the multiphosphorylated 1-25 β-casein fragment.

A specific and simple competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to determine bovine β-casein phosphopeptides (β-CPP) in casein phosphopeptides (CPP) or CPP complexes such as casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate complexes added into dairy products. The method combines sample pretreatment designed for CPP enrichment and anti-β-CPP(f(1-25)) monoclonal antibody 1A5 (mAb 1A5). The mAb 1A5 bound specifically to the tryptic phosphopeptides from β-casein but not from αs1- or αs2-casein.

A model of proteolysis and amino acid biosynthesis for Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus in whey.

Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038 (L. bulgaricus 2038) is a bacterium that is used as a starter for dairy products by Meiji Co.

In silico analysis of amino acid biosynthesis and proteolysis in Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038 and the implications for bovine milk fermentation.

The amino acid biosynthesis pathway and proteolytic system of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038 (L. bulgaricus 2038), a mainstay of large-scale yogurt production, were modeled based on its genomic sequence.

Complete sequencing and pan-genomic analysis of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus reveal its genetic basis for industrial yogurt production.

Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (Lb. bulgaricus) is an important species of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) used for cheese and yogurt fermentation.

Antihypertensive effect of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptide from enzyme modified cheese.

Two angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptides were isolated from enzyme modified cheese (EMC) and their amino acid sequences were identified as Leu-Gln-Pro and Met-Ala-Pro. The EMC was prepared by a combination of Protease N, Umamizyme, and Flavourzyme 500L. Both peptides were derived from beta-casein, f 88-90 and f 102-104, respectively.

Enzyme-modified cheese exerts inhibitory effects on allergen permeation in rats suffering from indomethacin-induced intestinal inflammation.

We have found that an enzyme-modified cheese (EMC) inhibited the permeation of allergens such as ovalbumin (OVA), using Caco-2 cells as an in vitro intestinal epithelial model. In addition, NPWDQ (Asn-Pro-Trp-Asp-Gln, aa 107-111 of alphas(2)-casein) was isolated from EMC and identified as one of the responsible peptides for this inhibitory activity (Tanabe et al., J.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) bind to human B- or H-antigens expressed on intestinal mucosa.

Twenty lactobacilli isolated from human feces were studied for binding to the human blood type B-antigen [Galalpha1-3 (Fucalpha1-2) Gal-] and H-antigen (Fucalpha1-2Gal-] expressed sugar chains in human intestinal mucosa. We found two strains, L. gasseri OLL2755 and L.

Identification of a peptide in enzymatic hydrolyzate of cheese that inhibits ovalbumin permeation in Caco-2 cells.

Because the first step in the triggering of food allergy is the permeation of the allergen through the intestine, enhancement of the intestinal barrier function is thought to be effective for preventing food allergy. In this study, a peptide that inhibits ovalbumin (OVA) permeation in an in vitro Caco-2 cell model was isolated from enzymatic hydrolyzate of cheese (EHC). Amino acid sequence analysis identified the active peptide as GPIVLNPWDQ, a sequence identical to amino acids 102-111 of alphas2-casein.

Momordica charantia constituents and antidiabetic screening of the isolated major compounds.

Bioguided fractionation of the methanol extract of Momordica charantia dried gourds led to the isolation of three new cucurbitane triterpenoids (1-3), together with eight known compounds (4-11). The aglycone of momordicoside I was isolated from the ether soluble fraction in a high amount. The structures of the metabolites were established on the basis of one and two dimensional NMR spectroscopic evidence, X-ray analysis, and comparison with the reported data in the literature.

Lactobacilli binding human A-antigen expressed in intestinal mucosa.

Adherent lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the human intestine were investigated using the surface plasmon resonance technique with the biosensor BIACORE-1000. Ninety-three LAB strains were isolated from human feces and evaluated for binding to human blood type-A antigen [GalNAcalpha1-3 (Fucalpha1-2) Gal-: A-trisaccharide] expressed in the intestinal mucosa. Eleven strains showed strong adherence to an A-trisaccharide biotinyl polymer (BP) probe, and slightly or no adherence to a B-trisaccharide BP probe.

Non-Helicobacter bacterial flora rarely develops in the gastric mucosal layer of children.

Non-Helicobacter bacteria can be cultured from the gastric mucosa in adults but in children, there are no studies about such microflora. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to clarify whether gastric biota develops in children. In 10 children and 10 adults or elderly (5 H.

Doxorubicin-conjugated anti-midkine monoclonal antibody as a potential anti-tumor drug.

Background: Midkine is a heparin-binding growth factor preferentially expressed in tumor cells. The present study was performed to utilize anti-midkine antibody for tumor therapy.

Methods: A monoclonal antibody to midkine was raised by immunizing mice deficient in the midkine gene.

Increased remineralization of tooth enamel by milk containing added casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate.

Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate nano-complexes (CPP-ACP) in chewing gum, lozenges and mouthrinses have been shown to re-mineralize enamel subsurface lesions in human in situ experiments. The aim of this double-blind, randomized clinical study was to investigate the capacity of CPP-ACP added to bovine milk to re-mineralize enamel subsurface lesions in situ. Ten subjects drank milk containing either 2.

High levels of urinary midkine in various cancer patients.

Midkine (MK) is a heparin-binding growth factor, which promotes growth, migration, and survival of various cells, and MK expression is increased in many human carcinomas. We determined the urinary MK level by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Taking 311pg/mg creatinine as a cut-off level, 70% of patients with various carcinomas (n=142) gave positive values, while only 5.