Eltrombopag olamine for refractory immune-related thrombocytopenia induced by pembrolizumab in a non-small cell lung cancer patient.

Objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown antitumor activity against a wide variety of malignancies. ICI-induced immune-related thrombocytopenia is a rare immune-related adverse event (irAE). Little is known about the treatment of refractory immune-related thrombocytopenia in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with pembrolizumab.

Clonal Hematopoiesis From Next Generation Sequencing of Plasma From a Patient With Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report.

Reliable and accurate next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are important in precision medicine. Analysis using currently available NGS genomic tests is conducted on cancer-derived DNA collected from tumor tissue, blood, or both. Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) produces a detectable somatic clonal mutation that is commonly associated with clonal expansion of hematopoietic cells with age and genomic analysis of blood samples can be used to detect CH.

Elevated Adenosine Deaminase Levels in the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-induced Autoimmune Encephalitis.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are promising drugs for various cancers. However, immune activation by ICIs can lead to immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Autoimmune encephalitis is a rare irAE, and its clinical features remain unknown.

Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Patients With Advanced Non-Small-cell Lung Cancer Who Are Ineligible for Clinical Trials.

Background: Most patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are ineligible for clinical trials. However, few studies have reported on the profiles and treatment outcomes for these patients. Therefore, we investigated the characteristics, outcomes, and survival of patients with advanced NSCLC who were ineligible for clinical trials.

Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression in Non-Small-cell Lung Cancer Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease: A Matched Case-control Study.

Background: Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated antitumor activity, and immunohistochemical analysis of PD-L1 expression has been used to identify the response in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently, considerable interest has ensued toward extending the benefit of these inhibitors to high-risk patients, such as those with NSCLC and interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, no studies have compared PD-L1 expression in NSCLC patients with and without ILD.

Predictive Performance of Four Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Assay Systems on Nivolumab Response in Previously Treated Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Introduction: Nivolumab has demonstrated efficacy against metastatic NSCLC. Four programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay systems are available for identification of responders among patients with NSCLC, and these assays show some differing characteristics. Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the ability of these assays to identify responders to nivolumab therapy.

Early Immune-Related Adverse Events and Association with Outcome in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Nivolumab: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Retrospective studies have shown immune-related adverse events (irAEs) to be associated with better prognosis. However, no prospective clinical trials have been conducted, and little is known regarding the association between irAEs and the outcome of patients with NSCLC after treatment with immunotherapy.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients with advanced NSCLC who were treated with nivolumab between January and December 2016.

Alteration of PD-L1 expression and its prognostic impact after concurrent chemoradiation therapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) is the treatment of choice for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). Several clinical trials that combine programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) axis inhibitors with radiotherapy are in development for patients with LA-NSCLC. However, the effect of CCRT on programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor cells is unknown.

A pilot trial of nivolumab treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with mild idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.

Introduction: Nivolumab has demonstrated efficacy against metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, immune-related adverse events can occur, among which pneumonitis is relatively common. Lung cancer patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) have a higher risk of pneumonitis associated with anticancer therapy.

Bevacizumab for ramucirumab refractory malignant pleural effusion in non-small cell lung cancer: a case report and review of the literature.

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a major problem associated with advanced non-small cell lung cancer for which an optimum treatment strategy has yet to be determined. Notably, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling has been found to influence MPE, and bevacizumab, a VEGF ligand inhibitor, can effectively control MPE. Ramucirumab, a human monoclonal antibody specific for VEGF receptor-2, has recently been approved for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.