Trabecular bone architecture in female renal allograft recipients--assessed by computed tomography.

Background: Osteopenia with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) is a frequent finding in renal allograft recipients. Data concerning the bone architecture in these patients do not exist, however.

Methods: We compared the bone architecture of 33 randomly assigned women (age 49 +/- 12 years), who had received renal allografts 5.

Functional stereotactic surgery for hemiballism.

The symptomatic and functional outcomes of a series of 14 patients with disabling and medically refractory hemiballism who were treated with functional stereotactic surgery are reported. Seven (50%) of the 14 patients had concomitant hemichorea. To relieve the hyperkinesia, the 14 patients underwent a total of 15 stereotactic operations (one patient had a second stereotactic procedure).

Ballism not related to vascular disease: A report of 16 patients and review of the literature.

Sixteen patients with ballism not related to vascular disease are reported. Ballism was caused by subthalamic metastases and cerebral tumours in four patients, lesions after functional stereotaxy in three, presumed neurodegenerative disease in two, and by an ipsilateral intraventricular cyst after resection of a meningioma, cerebral toxoplasmosis with AIDS, severe head trauma and sepsis, late recurrence of rheumatic fever, meningoencephalitis, perinatal hypoxia, and conversion syndrome in one, respectively. Two patients had bilateral ballism, 11 had hemiballism, and three had monoballism.

Lesion of dentatothalamic pathways in severe post-traumatic tremor.

The present study investigates evidence of dentatothalamic pathway lesions in nineteen patients with severe kinetic post-traumatic tremor respectively by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Kinetic tremor is thought to be characteristic of lesions of the cerebellar outflow. While this hypothesis is supported by experimental data, neuropathological and neuroradiological findings have been limited.

Bone loss after kidney transplantation: a longitudinal study in 115 graft recipients.

Background: Bone loss is an important problem in renal transplant recipients immediately after surgery. No data are available about the bone loss beyond the first post-transplantation year.

Methods: In a longitudinal, uncontrolled observational study bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry in 115 renal graft recipients starting at different times after transplantation (0-20 years after transplantation) with a follow-up time of 12 months.

Bone mineral density after kidney transplantation. A cross-sectional study in 190 graft recipients up to 20 years after transplantation.

Kidney transplant recipients are exposed to multiple factors that lead to osteoporosis after kidney transplantation. Recent short-term longitudinal studies revealed a strong decline of bone mineral density (BMD) within 1 year after transplantation. The long-term course of BMD after transplantation is still unknown.

Parkinsonism and rest tremor secondary to supratentorial tumours sparing the basal ganglia.

Intracranial neoplasms are an uncommon cause of symptomatic Parkinsonism and rest tremor. We found an incidence of 0.3% in a prospective evaluation of 907 patients with supratentorial tumours.

Bone fracture and osteodensitometry with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in kidney transplant recipients.

Kidney transplant recipients have multiple factors leading to osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the fracture rate after kidney transplantation and the significance of osteodensitometry with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in identifying the risk patients. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured with DXA in 100 graft recipients (mean interval 63 +/- 53 months after transplantation) and correlated with the incidence of fractures.

The treatment of posttraumatic tremor by stereotactic surgery. Symptomatic and functional outcome in a series of 35 patients.

The authors report the long-term results of stereotactic surgery for severe posttraumatic appendicular tremor in 35 patients. The tremors developed after severe head trauma in 33 patients (94%) and after mild to moderate head trauma in two (6%). In all but one, the tremor was most evident during activity.

Evaluation of the effect of treatment on movement disorders in astrocytomas of the basal ganglia and the thalamus.

Twenty patients with movement disorders associated with astrocytomas (grade I-IV according to the WHO tumour classification) of the basal ganglia and the thalamus were evaluated for the effects of treatment. Five patients had more than one movement disorder when the histological diagnosis was verified by stereotactic biopsy. Twelve had tremors, eight hemidystonia, three hemichorea, and one hemichorea/ballismus, and myoclonus respectively.

Movement disorders in astrocytomas of the basal ganglia and the thalamus.

In a series of 225 patients with astrocytomas (grades I-IV) of the basal ganglia and the thalamus, 20 had a movement disorder. In all patients the histological diagnosis was verified by stereotactic biopsy. Tremor was observed in twelve patients, dystonia in eight, chorea in three, and chorea/ballismus and myoclonus in one.

Primary cerebral malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: a retrospective clinical study.

In this retrospective study a series of 54 patients (seen from 1982 to 1989) with sporadic primary cerebral malignant lymphomas (PCML), which were uniformly classified with the support of immunocytochemical data, is presented. The analysis shows that on CT PCML are shown as cirumscribed, homogeneous, contrast-enhanced multifocal (70%) or solitary (30%) mass lesions within the subcortical white matter; they were found mainly close to the ventricular system or the subarachnoid space. To prove the histological diagnosis and for the purposes of differential diagnosis, low-risk CT-stereotactic biopsy is necessary and is the method of choice.

Dystonia following head trauma: a report of nine patients and review of the literature.

We report nine patients who developed dystonia following head trauma. The most frequent form was hemidystonia only (six patients). One patient presented with hemidystonia plus torticollis, one with bilateral hemidystonia and one with torticollis only.

Long-term outcome of 89 low-grade brain-stem gliomas after interstitial radiation therapy.

Between 1974 and 1985, 89 patients suffering from histologically confirmed, nonresectable low-grade astrocytomas located in the brain stem were entered into a retrospective study. Iodine-125 (125I) was implanted in 29 patients and iridium-192 (192Ir) in 26 patients. Computerized tomography revealed that 78% of the tumors in these patients were located chiefly in the mesencephalic region, 70% were circumscribed, and 78% were contrast-enhanced.

Bilateral ballismus in children.

Bilateral ballismus is extremely rare. We found 23 reported cases, and only 2 of these were in children. In older patients the movement disorder is usually due to cerebrovascular disease, but in younger patients a variety of aetiopathological causes may be found.

Chiasmatic optic glioma.

Optic nerve glioma is a rare tumor usually occurring in small children. How these tumors should be treated, is a matter of controversy. Recommended treatment ranges from a wait-and-see policy to radical excision with or without subsequent radio- or chemotherapy.

Image-directed stereotactic drainage of the symptomatic cavum septi pellucidi et vergae.

Two rare cases of symptomatic non-communicating cava septi pellucidi et Vergae (CSPV) with successful treatment via image-directed stereotactic internal drainage are reported. Because the management of these benign space-occupying structures by the transcallosal approach bears certain risks, safer methods should be applied. The clinical significance, results, and advantages of the CT-stereotactic procedure are represented.

Ventricular fluid neuropeptides in Parkinson's disease. II. Levels of substance P-like immunoreactivity.

Substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) was determined in cerebrovascular fluid of patients with extrapyramidal motor diseases. Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) showed a SPLI concentration decreased by 30% compared with patients without extrapyramidal disease. No differences were apparent for patients with dystonia.

Dystonia and akinesia due to pallidoputaminal lesions after disulfiram intoxication.

A case with segmental cranial plus crural dystonia of delayed onset and akinesia after acute intoxication with disulfiram is presented. Computed tomography showed bilateral pallidal lesions, whereas on magnetic resonance imaging additional small lesions of the putamen could be detected. Long-term observation with progression and a change of symptoms over a period of 10 years after the intoxication is demonstrated on videotape.

Ventricular fluid neuropeptides in Parkinson's disease. I. Levels and distribution of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity.

We have measured somatostatin-like immunoreactivity SLI in cerebroventricular fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and other extrapyramidal disorders with hyperkinesia. Patients with PD showed a significantly lower concentration of SLI when compared with levels in control patients with chronic stable multiple sclerosis or temporal lobe epilepsy. Less markedly decreased levels of SLI were also noted in patients with torsion dystonia.

Stereotactic evacuation and fibrinolysis of cerebellar hematomas.

Despite modern diagnostic and operative methods, the mortality and morbidity rates of spontaneous cerebellar hematomas remain very high, i.e., according to a review of the literature as high as 45%.