Exploring the Experiences of Autistic Transgender and Non-Binary Adults in Seeking Gender Identity Health Care.

Background: This study sought to obtain an in-depth understanding of autistic transgender and/or non-binary adults' experiences in accessing, or trying to access, gender identity health care (GIH). To our knowledge, no prior study researched this topic.

Methods: Through semi-structured interviews, we obtained the first-hand experiences of 17 participants.

Implementing a Health and Wellbeing Programme for Children in Early Childhood: A Preliminary Study.

In New Zealand, there is a high prevalence of childhood poverty and food insecurity, which can impact a family's ability to provide high quality, nutrient dense foods for their children. In an attempt to increase the quality of the food consumed by children attending a decile two (low socio-economic) kindergarten and to address food insecurity issues, an educational health and wellness initiative, in conjunction with a free lunch programme, was introduced. The impact of the lunches and the effectiveness of the programme were evaluated.

Intra-ocular lens opacification in the anterior chamber leading to loss of vision in an adolescent.

Objective: To report a rare case of intraocular lens (ACIOL) opacification in the anterior chamber in an adolescent and to discuss the possible mechanism of its occurrence and the ways of its prevention.

Case: A 16-year-old male underwent cataract surgery for developmental cataract with placement of a foldable posterior chamber IOL in the anterior chamber. There was subsequent opacification of the IOL, which was replaced by a scleral fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens.

Dietary factors in chronic inflammation: food tolerances and intolerances of a New Zealand Caucasian Crohn's disease population.

Diet is known to play a major role in the symptoms of the inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease (CD). Although no single diet is appropriate to all individuals, most CD patients are aware of foods that provide adverse or beneficial effects. This study seeks to categorise foods in relation to their effects on symptoms of CD, in a New Zealand Caucasian population.

Relationships between biochemical bone turnover markers, season, and inflammatory status indices in prepubertal Gambian boys.

Seasonal and interindividual differences in food availability and illnesses cause variations in growth, including bone growth, in children in developing countries. We investigated seasonal differences in biochemical (serum) markers of bone metabolism and relationships between these markers (procollagen type I N propeptide [P1NP], serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen [S-CTX]) and serum markers of inflammation (alpha(1)- antichymotrypsin [ACT], C-reactive protein [CRP], sialic acid) in prepubertal Gambian boys. Three seasonal time points were chosen: August, mid-rainy season; October, late rainy season (both are associated with decreased food supply, increased prevalence of infection, reduced weight gain, and stunting); and April, late dry season, when environmental conditions are better and rates of weight gain are higher.

Vitamin C status and collagen cross-link ratios in Gambian children.

Vitamin C (ascorbate) is essential for hydroxylation of prolyl and lysyl residues in nascent collagen, the failure of which leads to connective tissue lesions of scurvy. Of the pyridinium-type cross-links in mature collagen, pyridinoline requires more hydroxylysyl residues than does deoxypyridinoline. Our study tested the hypothesis that pyridinoline:deoxypyridinoline ratios in urinary degradation products may vary with ascorbate status in man.

Vitamin C and bone markers: investigations in a Gambian population.

Vitamin C is an essential micronutrient. Absence from the diet will result in the deficiency disease scurvy, typically characterised by weakening of collagenous structures. High intakes of vitamin C have been associated with decreased incidence or severity of a number of diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease.

The effect of angiotensin II upon electrogenic ion transport in rat intestinal epithelia.

Epithelial sheets from rat jejunum and descending colon have been shown to respond to angiotensin II (AII) when studied under short-circuit conditions and bathed on both sides with Krebs-Henseleit solution. The octapeptide AII elicited increases in short-circuit current (SCC) in preparations of jejunum and decreases in SCC in the descending colon; both responses occurred when the peptide was applied to the basolateral surface, but not when applied to the apical solution. Responses in both tissues were highly specific, being inhibited by a range of AII antagonists with the following order of potency: [Sar1.

Identification of selective, high affinity [125I]-angiotensin and [125I]-bradykinin binding sites in rat intestinal epithelia.

Specific [125I]-angiotensin II (AII) and [125I]-bradykinin (Bk) binding sites have been identified within epithelial membranes from rat jejunum and descending colon. These high affinity intestinal sites exhibited KD values of 0.64 +/- 0.

The effect of althesin, ketamine or pentothal on renal function in saline loaded rats.

Rats were prepared with chronic cannulae in the carotid artery, jugular vein and urinary bladder; they were then kept 2 days to allow recovery from surgery. A steady-state continuous saline diuresis was established, then various anaesthetic agents were injected and changes in the urine flow, sodium and potassium excretion rates, GFR, ERPF, ERBF and blood pressure were measured. Five groups of rats were studied: (1) control animals given saline in place of any anaesthetic agent, all parameters measured remained constant; (2) althesin (1.

Inactivation of [125I]-angiotensin II binding sites in rat renal cortex epithelial membranes by dithiothreitol.

Preincubation of renal epithelial membranes with DTT produced a dose-dependent inhibition of specific [125I]-angiotensin binding, with an IC50 of 1 mM and total loss of binding at 5-10 mM DTT. Inactivation of specific [125I]-angiotensin II binding by DTT was temperature sensitive; the t1/2 at 22 degrees was 6 min compared with 30 min at 4 degrees. A rapid inactivation rate was dependent on the presence of NaCl.

Location of [125I]-angiotensin II receptors on rat kidney cortex epithelial cells.

Angiotensin II (AII) stimulates active Na+ extrusion from Na+ loaded renal cortex slices. Specific high affinity [125I]-AII binding sites in partially purified basolateral and brush-border epithelial membranes exhibit a KD of 0.88 nM and Bmax of 321.

Angiotensin II mediates increased small intestinal fluid absorption with extracellular volume depletion in the rat.

The purpose of this study was to determine if the increase in small intestinal fluid absorption observed after extracellular fluid (ECF) reduction is mediated by angiotensin II (AII). Infusion of AII at doses that increase plasma levels of the hormone within the physiological range stimulates jejunal fluid absorption. In contrast, at pharmacological doses that result in plasma AII levels unlikely to be encountered normally, the hormone inhibits absorption and/or stimulates jejunal secretion.

The binding of [3H]prazosin and [3H]clonidine to rat jejunal epithelial cell membranes.

The binding of [3H]prazosin and [3H]clonidine to rat jejunal epithelial cell membranes has been studied. The membrane preparation was enriched in baso-lateral components as determined by Na+, K+ ATPase and alkaline phosphatase activities. The membranes possessed two saturable specific binding sites for [3H]prazosin, a high affinity (Kd 0.

The renal, cardiovascular and hemolytic actions in the rat of a toxic extract from the bile of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus).

Grass carp bile, sometimes eaten by Chinese people, has previously been shown to induce acute renal failure in man and to result in the death of experimental mice and rats. A toxic extract from the bile acid fraction of grass carp bile (LD50 109 mg/kg) was injected into pentobarbitone anesthetized rats and an increase in urinary excretion of water and salts was produced. The bile extract also caused a prompt fall in systemic arterial blood pressure and cardiac output.

The effect of guanine nucleotides on [125I]-angiotensin binding in rat kidney cortex epithelial membranes.

Specific [125I]-angiotensin binding to crude basolateral/brush border membranes of rat kidney cortex was influenced by guanine nucleotides. The order of potency of nucleotides in their ability to decrease specific binding, was Gpp(NH)p greater than GTP greater than or equal to ITP greater than GDP greater than ATP greater than GMP greater than IDP. The kinetic alterations induced by a maximally effective concentration of Gpp(NH)p were: (a) a reduced steady state level of binding and (b) a markedly slower rate of ligand dissociation.

Secretion control for active and inactive renin: effects of calcium and potassium on rabbit kidney cortex slices.

Release of active and inactive renin by rabbit kidney cortex slices was investigated. Inactive renin was estimated as the increase in renin activity after acidification (pH 2.8) of slice supernatant solutions.

Intestinal fluid absorption in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

A comparison has been made of intestinal fluid absorption between male Okamoto spontaneously hypertensive rats (s.h.r.

Furosemide fails to alter plasma active or inactive renin in conscious sheep but does so in anaesthetized animals.

Regulation of plasma levels of active and inactive renin was investigated using sheep with indwelling artery, vein and bladder catheters. Control and experimental studies were carried out in the same animals on different days. Volume depletion during any single experiment was limited to a maximum of 50 ml.

The binding of [125I]-angiotensin to rat renal epithelial cell membranes.

1 Specific high affinity binding sites for [125I]-angiotensin II have been identified in crude basolateral and brush border membranes from rat cortex. 2 A central high affinity site, KD 0.62 nM; Bmax 299 fmol/mg was identified as part of a complex multicomponent binding system.

Sympathetic innervation of the jejunal villus.

Using fluorescent histochemical methods it has been shown that the noradrenergic nerves in the jejunal villus are associated with the capillaries underlying the basolateral membrane of the epithelium. Noradrenergic fibres were also seen to lie between the epithelial basolateral membrane and the capillaries but were never observed close to the epithelium unless accompanied by an underlying capillary. The distribution of noradrenergic fibres suggests that it is unlikely that noradrenaline diffuses directly from the varicosity to the epithelial basolateral membrane.