Evaluation of a continuous glucose monitoring system in healthy dairy calves and adult goats.

Objective: To determine the accuracy of a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) device by comparing glucose concentrations measured over time as determined by the CGMS to those of the chemistry analyzer (reference method).

Animals: 7 healthy goats and 7 dairy calves.

Methods: A randomized, crossover design with 3 treatments: control, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia.

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Respiratory Bacteria from Weaned Dairy Heifers.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading cause of mortality and antimicrobial drug (AMD) use in weaned dairy heifers. Limited information is available regarding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in respiratory bacteria in this population. This study determined AMR gene presence in 326 respiratory isolates (, , and ) from weaned dairy heifers using whole genome sequencing.

Determination of minimum individual cow colostral immunoglobulin G concentration required to provide adequate total immunoglobulin G mass in pooled colostrum fed to Jersey calves.

Objective: Quantify the minimum individual cow colostral immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration required for pooling to achieve adequate transfer of passive immunity in calves.

Animals: 201 Jersey cows.

Methods: Colostrum was collected from 28 pools and heat treated before being fed to calves or stored.

Clinical presentation, medical management, and outcomes in 35 hospitalized sheep diagnosed with bluetongue virus disease.

Background: There is only limited information on the clinical presentation, medical management, and outcomes of hospitalized sheep diagnosed with bluetongue virus (BTV) disease.

Objectives: To describe the signalment, history, clinical signs, clinicopathological findings, medical management, and clinical outcomes of sheep diagnosed with BTV disease.

Animals: Thirty-five hospitalized sheep with BTV disease.

Randomized controlled field trial to assess the efficacy of an intranasal cytotoxin vaccine against naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis.

Background: Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK; pinkeye) is generally considered to be caused by corneal infections with . Previous studies demonstrated that cytotoxin-specific mucosal immune responses in the bovine eye can be stimulated by intranasal vaccination with a recombinant cytotoxin subunit adjuvanted with polyacrylic acid.

Methods: A randomized controlled field trial (two-arm parallel design with blinding) was conducted in beef steers in Northern California to determine if this vaccine could prevent naturally occurring IBK and/or reduce morbidity rates associated with this disease.

Continuous fluid infusion per rectum compared with intravenous fluid infusion in pigs.

Background: Peripheral blood vessels in pigs are not easily accessible, making placement of intravenous catheters difficult. Alternative methods to intravenous administration of fluids, such as administering fluids via the rectum (proctoclysis), are warranted in pigs.

Hypothesis: Administration of polyionic crystalloid fluids via proctoclysis results in hemodilution changes similar to intravenous administration.

Effect of sample volume and time on rumen juice analysis in cattle.

Background: Rumen juice analysis (RJA) involves analysis of a 10mL sample within minutes after sampling. However, it can be challenging to collect 10 mL of rumen juice (RJ) from some ruminants, and clinical circumstances can delay RJA.

Objectives: Quantify the effect of sample volume (2, 5, 10, 50, and 100 mL), and time-to-analysis (0, 30, and 60 minutes) on RJA.

Transfer of passive immunity and survival in Jersey heifer calves fed heat-treated pooled colostrum.

Acquisition of adequate transfer of passive immunity (ATPI) by calves depends on the absorption of sufficient mass of colostral immunoglobulin G (IgG). Several studies report conflicting evidence regarding the ability of feeding pooled colostrum to achieve ATPI. Pooling colostrum is practical and efficient for some dairies, and recommendations are required to prevent failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in calves following pooling.

A prospective study of serum amyloid A in relation to plasma administration in neonatal foals.

SAA is a commonly used biomarker for measuring acute inflammation in equine practice, and the administration of prophylactic plasma to foals is a routine practice in large breeding farms. Despite this, limited information is available on the values of SAA in healthy or sick neonatal foals following this common procedure. A prospective study was conducted with 31 foals from a veterinary hospital in Texas in one year.

Factors Affecting Survival and Future Foaling Rates in Thoroughbred Mares with Hydrops.

Prognosis for life and future fertility in broodmares following hydrops is reportedly good, but evidence to support these reports is limited. The objective of this case series was to describe the prognosis for survival and fertility in mares presented to a referral hospital following diagnosis of hydrops. Medical records were reviewed to identify mares diagnosed with hydrops.

Skin disease in goats (Capra aegagrus hircus): a retrospective study of 358 cases at a university veterinary teaching hospital (1988-2020).

Background: Goats are important worldwide as a source of milk, meat, fibre and hide, and as show animals and pets.

Hypothesis/objectives: To document the type, signalment associations and prevalence of skin disease in a referral hospital population.

Animals: Case population at a university veterinary teaching hospital.

In-vitro antibiotic resistance phenotypes of respiratory and enteric bacterial isolates from weaned dairy heifers in California.

Antimicrobial drug (AMD) use for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) continues to be concerning for development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in respiratory and enteric bacteria of cattle. This study aimed to provide data regarding AMR in respiratory isolates, and identify relationships between respiratory and enteric AMD susceptibility, in weaned dairy heifers. A cross-sectional study was performed between June of 2019 and February 2020, on 6 calf rearing facilities in California.

Assessment of preoperative and postoperative l-lactatemia and clinical outcomes in goats undergoing tube cystostomy: A retrospective study of 34 cases (2015-2020).

Background: Urolithiasis in small ruminants has a poor long-term prognosis, and long-term clinical outcomes are variable and unpredictable.

Objectives: To assess the accuracy of preoperative and postoperative blood l-lactate concentrations in predicting a negative outcome in goats undergoing tube cystostomy.

Animals: Thirty-four male goats undergoing tube cystostomy.

Gentamicin-induced sensorineural auditory loss in healthy adult horses.

Background: Irreversible sensorineural auditory loss has been reported in humans treated with aminoglycosides but not in horses.

Objective: Investigate if auditory loss occurs in horses treated using the recommended IV daily dosage of gentamicin for 7 consecutive days.

Animals: Ten healthy adult horses (7-15 years; females and males, 5 each).

A preliminary study on assessment of wellbeing among veterinary medical house officers.

Mental wellness is an important topic among practicing veterinarians. Peer reviewed studies focusing on veterinary house officers' wellbeing are lacking in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to assess wellbeing of house officers using validated surveys for anxiety, burnout, depression, and quality of life.

Serum and cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated neurofilament heavy protein concentrations in equine neurodegenerative diseases.

Background: Currently, there is little information regarding the concentrations of phosphorylated neurofilament heavy protein (pNfH) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of horses with neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, pNfH concentrations have not yet been evaluated in horses with equine neuroaxonal dystrophy/equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (eNAD/EDM).

Objectives: To determine pNfH concentrations using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum and CSF from control horses and horses with eNAD/EDM, cervical vertebral compressive myelopathy (CVCM) and Shivers.

Detection of Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone Resistance Genes via Novel Multiplex qPCR in Fecal Isolates From Northern Californian Dairy Cattle, 2002-2016.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes, AmpC-type β-lactamase (ACBL) genes, and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in isolated at a Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital microbiology laboratory, examine trends in presence of these resistance genes, and to explore the correlation between phenotypic resistance and presence of specific genes. The presence of ESBL, ACBL, and PMQR genes were detected using a single, novel multiplex qPCR. Only the genes and were detected in the 110 isolates tested.

Risk factors for, frequency, and type of complications after temporary tube cystostomy in goats, sheep, and pigs.

Objective: To describe risk factors for as well as type and frequency of complications, time to occurrence of complications, and mortality after temporary tube cystostomy alone or in combination with other surgical procedures, in goats, sheep, and pigs.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: One hundred thirteen goats, eight sheep, and six pigs.

Clinical management and outcomes for goats, sheep, and pigs hospitalized for treatment of burn injuries sustained in wildfires: 28 cases (2006, 2015, and 2018).

Objective: To characterize injuries and describe medical management and clinical outcomes of goats, sheep, and pigs treated at a veterinary medical teaching hospital for burn injuries sustained during wildfires.

Animals: Goats (n = 9), sheep (12), and pigs (7) that sustained burn injuries from wildfires.

Procedures: Medical records were searched to identify goats, sheep, and pigs that had burn injuries associated with California wildfires in 2006, 2015, and 2018.

Correction to: Assessment of burnout in veterinary medical students using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educational Survey: a survey during two semesters.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Steroid precursors, steroids, neuroactive steroids, and neurosteroids concentrations in serum and saliva of healthy neonatal heifer Holstein calves.

Background: Persistence of high neurosteroid concentrations in blood is associated with neonatal encephalopathy and septicemia in foals. This has not been investigated in calves.

Objectives: To determine concentrations of steroid compounds in serum and saliva within the first 48 hours after birth in healthy neonatal calves, identify potential markers for disease, and investigate the association between serum steroid compounds concentrations in calves and their respective dams within 2 hours after birth.

Exploring issues surrounding mental health and wellbeing across two continents: A preliminary cross-sectional collaborative study between the University of California, Davis, and University of Pretoria.

Mental health and wellness research continue to be a topic of importance among veterinary students in the United States of America (US). Limited peer reviewed literature focusing on South African veterinary students is available. South African veterinary medical students might benefit from approaches to improve mental health and wellness similar to those recommended in the US.

A retrospective study of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis in barrel racing horses with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and asthma in Texas from 2016 to 2018.

Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) and asthma in barrel racing horses is a common disease across the United States. Limited information is available on non-infectious respiratory diseases in this population, the interaction between these two diseases, and the occurrence of both EIPH and asthma in the horse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cytological results of barrel racing horses with EIPH, asthma, or both.

Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous and Oral Phenobarbital Sodium in Healthy Goats.

Phenobarbital is a common drug used to manage epilepsy in goats. However, the recommended dose and dosing frequency are based on studies in dogs and horses. Studies describing the pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital when administered orally and assessing changes in behavior with concurrent electroencephalogram (EEG) readings are warranted in goats.