Memory discrimination is promoted by the expression of the transcription repressor WT1 in the dentate gyrus.

The hippocampus is critical for the precise formation of contextual memories. Overlapping inputs coming from the entorhinal cortex are processed by the trisynaptic pathway to form distinct memories. Disruption in any step of the circuit flow can lead to a lack of memory precision, and to memory interference.

A new species of Procanace Hendel from the Philippines (Diptera: Canacidae: Canacinae).

A new species of surf flies (Canacidae: Canacinae) is described and illustrated based on four specimens (1 , 3 ) collected by Dr. Amnon Freidberg in the Philippines. Some peculiarities of the postabdominal structures, especially those of the male terminalia, suggest a fairly close affinity with two other congeneric species, namely Procanace townesi Wirth, 1951, and P.

Catalogue of the Diptera (Insecta) of Morocco- an annotated checklist, with distributions and a bibliography.

The faunistic knowledge of the Diptera of Morocco recorded from 1787 to 2021 is summarized and updated in this first catalogue of Moroccan Diptera species. A total of 3057 species, classified into 948 genera and 93 families (21 Nematocera and 72 Brachycera), are listed. Taxa (superfamily, family, genus and species) have been updated according to current interpretations, based on reviews in the literature, the expertise of authors and contributors, and recently conducted fieldwork.

The surf flies of the Mascarene Islands (Diptera: Canacidae: Canacinae), with the description of a new species.

A survey of the surf flies (Canacinae) of the main Mascarene Islands of La Réunion, Mauritius, and Rodrigues was undertaken between 2015 and 2018. It encompassed intertidal material from 38 sampling stations on the islands and included records supplied by Martin J. Ebejer from La Réunion.

The beach flies of the Mascarene Islands (Diptera: Canacidae: Tethininae).

An intertidal survey of 34 sampling stations on the main Mascarene Islands of La Réunion, Mauritius and Rodrigues, was conducted between 2015 and 2018. Results of the survey revealed five species of Tethininae, viz. Afrotethina aurisetulosa (Lamb), Dasyrhicnoessa ferruginea (Lamb), D.

Sterility and performance of open and closed extracorporeal circuits after long-term dry-wet setups.

Background: The timeframe for safely using previously setup dry, crystalloid, and blood-primed extracorporeal circuits has long been debated. This study was undertaken to determine a safe deviation from standardized recommendations.

Methods: Open (cardiopulmonary bypass) circuits and closed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits were setup dry for up to 60 days and wet primed for up to 6 weeks with one control inoculated with .

Clinical outcome indicators in chronic hepatitis B and C: A primer for value-based medicine in hepatology.

Background & Aims: Chronic liver diseases (CLDs) are major health problems that require complex and costly treatments. Liver-specific clinical outcome indicators (COIs) able to assist both clinicians and administrators in improving the value of care are presently lacking. The Value-Based Medicine in Hepatology (VBMH) study aims to fill this gap, devising and testing a set of COIs for CLD, that could be easily collected during clinical practice.

Wilm's tumor 1 promotes memory flexibility.

Under physiological conditions, strength and persistence of memory must be regulated in order to produce behavioral flexibility. In fact, impairments in memory flexibility are associated with pathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder or autism; however, the underlying mechanisms that enable memory flexibility are still poorly understood. Here, we identify transcriptional repressor Wilm's Tumor 1 (WT1) as a critical synaptic plasticity regulator that decreases memory strength, promoting memory flexibility.

Relationship between Canal Enlargement and Fracture Load of Root Dentin Sections.

Objective: To investigate the effect of endodontic instrumentation on fracture susceptibility of root dentin using experiments and stress analysis.

Methods: Root canals of lower premolars were enlarged with different tapers. After, teeth were cut into 2-mm sections.

Optimising the clinical strategy for autoimmune liver diseases: Principles of value-based medicine.

Background: Autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis represent the three major autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs). Their management is highly specialized, requires a multidisciplinary approach and often relies on expensive, orphan drugs. Unfortunately, their treatment is often unsatisfactory, and the care pathway heterogeneous across different centers.

Histaminergic Neurotransmission as a Gateway for the Cognitive Effect of Oleoylethanolamide in Contextual Fear Conditioning.

Background: The integrity of the brain histaminergic system is necessary for the unfolding of homeostatic and cognitive processes through the recruitment of alternative circuits with distinct temporal patterns. We recently demonstrated that the fat-sensing lipid mediator oleoylethanolamide indirectly activates histaminergic neurons to exerts its hypophagic effects. The present experiments investigated whether histaminergic neurotransmission is necessary also for the modulation of emotional memory induced by oleoylethanolamide in a contextual fear conditioning paradigm.

The Canacidae of the Arabian Peninsula (Diptera: Brachycera: Carnoidea).

A review of the canacid fauna of the Arabian Peninsula is provided. In addition to the usual taxonomic account, a key to all genera and species is also provided. Many figures illustrate some of the main characters that will hopefully be useful for identifying some taxonomically difficult species.

Histamine in the basolateral amygdala promotes inhibitory avoidance learning independently of hippocampus.

Recent discoveries demonstrated that recruitment of alternative brain circuits permits compensation of memory impairments following damage to brain regions specialized in integrating and/or storing specific memories, including both dorsal hippocampus and basolateral amygdala (BLA). Here, we first report that the integrity of the brain histaminergic system is necessary for long-term, but not for short-term memory of step-down inhibitory avoidance (IA). Second, we found that phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) responsive-element-binding protein, a crucial mediator in long-term memory formation, correlated anatomically and temporally with histamine-induced memory retrieval, showing the active involvement of histamine function in CA1 and BLA in different phases of memory consolidation.

Stress distribution in a premolar 3D model with anisotropic and isotropic enamel.

The aim of this study was to compare the areas of stress concentration in a three-dimensional (3D) premolar tooth model with anisotropic or isotropic enamel using the finite element method. A computed tomography was imported to an image processing program to create the tooth model which was exported to a 3D modeling program. The mechanical properties and loading conditions were prescribed in Abaqus.

Taxonomic and distributional notes on two species groups of the genus Dasyrhicnoessa Hendel (Diptera: Canacidae: Tethininae).

Some taxonomic and distributional aspects of two species groups of the genus Dasyrhicnoessa Hendel, 1934, viz. D. tripunctata group and D.

Fauna europaea: Diptera - brachycera.

Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all extant multicellular European terrestrial and freshwater animals and their geographical distribution at the level of countries and major islands (east of the Urals and excluding the Caucasus region). The Fauna Europaea project comprises about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. Fauna Europaea represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing taxonomic specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many user communities in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education.

A new species of Canace Haliday from Portugal, with a revised key to species (Diptera: Canacidae: Canacinae).

A new species of Canace Haliday, in Curtis, 1837 from Portugal is described. This species, related to C. actites Mathis, 1982, is known so far from a single maritime locality near Lisbon.

Satiety factor oleoylethanolamide recruits the brain histaminergic system to inhibit food intake.

Key factors driving eating behavior are hunger and satiety, which are controlled by a complex interplay of central neurotransmitter systems and peripheral stimuli. The lipid-derived messenger oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is released by enterocytes in response to fat intake and indirectly signals satiety to hypothalamic nuclei. Brain histamine is released during the appetitive phase to provide a high level of arousal in anticipation of feeding, and mediates satiety.

New Indo-Pacific species of Dasyrhicnoessa Hendel, 1934 and Pseudorhicnoessa Malloch, 1914 (Diptera: Canacidae: Tethininae).

Three new species of Dasyrhicnoessa Hendel, 1934 and one of Pseudorhicnoessa Malloch, 1914 from the Indo-Pacific area are described and the male terminalia illustrated. Among these new species, Dasyrhicnoessa paradoxa sp. nov.

Antidepressant, mood stabilizing and procognitive effects of very low dose sublingual ketamine in refractory unipolar and bipolar depression.

Intravenous ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) produces robust, rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects, but is unpractical. Sublingual administration of ketamine renders better bioavailability (~30%) and less conversion to norketamine than oral administration.

Selective brain region activation by histamine H₃ receptor antagonist/inverse agonist ABT-239 enhances acetylcholine and histamine release and increases c-Fos expression.

Histamine axons originate solely from the tuberomamillary nucleus (TMN) to innervate almost all brain regions. This feature is consistent with a function for histamine over a host of physiological processes, including regulation of appetite, body temperature, cognitive processes, pain perception and sleep-wake cycle. An important question is whether these diverse physiological roles are served by different histamine neuronal subpopulations.

An ectopic macrochaeta in the middle of a compound eye of a field-collected anthomyiid fly.

Recording and describing animal 'monsters' collected in the field can still contribute to progress in developmental biology despite the uncontrolled conditions the specimen experienced throughout development. Comparison with model organisms and a sound phylogenetic analysis may offer a tentative explanation for the underlying developmental mechanism and suggest new targets for experimental studies. We describe a female specimen of the anthomyiid fly Hydrophoria sp.

Histamine neurons in the tuberomamillary nucleus: a whole center or distinct subpopulations?

Histamine axons originate from a single source, the tuberomamillary nucleus (TMN) of the posterior hypothalamus, to innervate almost all central nervous system (CNS) regions. This feature, a compact cell group with widely distributed fibers, resembles that of other amine systems, such as noradrenaline or serotonin, and is consistent with a function for histamine over a host of physiological processes, including the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle, appetite, endocrine homeostasis, body temperature, pain perception, learning, memory, and emotion. An important question is whether these diverse physiological roles are served by different histamine neuronal subpopulation.

Cariostatic effect of fluoride-containing restorative materials associated with fluoride gels on root dentin.

Unlabelled: Secondary caries is still the main cause of restoration replacement, especially on the root surface.

Objective: This in vitro study evaluated the cariostatic effects of fluoride-containing restorative materials associated with fluoride gels, on root dentin.

Materials And Methods: A randomized complete block design was used to test the effects of the restorative systems, fluoride regimes and the interactions among them at different distances from restoration margins.