Direct effects of antipsychotics on potassium channels.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) and are severe psychiatric conditions that contribute to disability and increased healthcare costs globally. Although first-, second-, and third-generation antipsychotics are available for treating BD and SCZ, most have various side effects unrelated to their unique functions. Many antipsychotics affect K channels (Kv, K, Kir, K, and other channels), which change the functions of various organs.

Dual alarmin-receptor-specific targeting peptide systems for treatment of sepsis.

The pathophysiology of sepsis is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response to infection; however, the cytokine blockade that targets a specific early inflammatory mediator, such as tumor necrosis factor, has shown disappointing results in clinical trials. During sepsis, excessive endotoxins are internalized into the cytoplasm of immune cells, resulting in dysregulated pyroptotic cell death, which induces the leakage of late mediator alarmins such as HMGB1 and PTX3. As late mediators of lethal sepsis, overwhelming amounts of alarmins bind to high-affinity TLR4/MD2 and low-affinity RAGE receptors, thereby amplifying inflammation during early-stage sepsis.

Lifestyle factors and determination of optimal cut-off values for forward head posture in young adults with neck pain: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Neck pain is a common condition across various populations, with a substantial impact on daily life and quality of life. Forward head posture is frequently observed in individuals with neck pain and is closely associated with lifestyle factors. This study aimed to examine the relationship between lifestyle factors and forward head posture in young adults with neck pain and determine the optimal cutoff value for assessing the risk of forward head posture.

Preliminary report: Protective effects of probiotics on cefovecin-induced gut dysbiosis in dogs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether supplementation with probiotics over a 2-week period stabilizes the gut microbiota in dogs following prolonged cefovecin treatment. A significant number of clinical veterinarians prescribe oral probiotics to dogs in conjunction with systemic antibiotics with the intention of protecting against gut dysbiosis. The effects of antibiotics and probiotics in dogs have not been extensively studied, however, and the optimal treatment for gut dysbiosis remains uncertain.

Structural Elucidation and Antiviral Properties of Pannosides from the Halophyte L.

Four previously undescribed pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins, pannosides F-I (-), were isolated from the halophyte L. (), and their chemical structures were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Comprehensive structural analysis revealed the presence of distinct aglycone and glycosidic moieties, along with complex acylation patterns.

Lonafarnib Protects Against Muscle Atrophy Induced by Dexamethasone.

Background: Muscle atrophy, including glucocorticoid-induced muscle wasting from treatments such as dexamethasone (DEX), results in significant reductions in muscle mass, strength and function. This study investigates the potential of lonafarnib, a farnesyltransferase inhibitor, to counteract DEX-induced muscle atrophy by targeting key signalling pathways.

Methods: We utilized in vitro models with C2C12 myotubes treated with DEX and in vivo models with Caenorhabditis elegans and DEX-treated Sprague-Dawley rats.

Paraoxonase-1 Is a Pivotal Regulator Responsible for Suppressing Allergic Airway Inflammation Through Adipose Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.

Although adipose stem cell (ASC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are as effective as ASCs in the suppression of Th2 cell-mediated eosinophilic inflammation, the role of identified pulmonary genes has not been well documented. Thus, we assessed the immunomodulatory effects of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) on allergic airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. Five-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) by intraperitoneal injection and challenged intranasally with OVA.

COVID-19-Related Knowledge, Fear, and Infection Control of Dental Staff.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlations between knowledge, fear, infection control practices, and attitude of dental staff in Korea.

Methods: This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between COVID-19-related knowledge, fear, and infection control attitudes and practices.

Results: COVID-19-related knowledge was significantly correlated with infection control attitudes and practices (r = 0.

Integrative Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis in Acute Interstitial Pneumonia.

Acute Interstitial Pneumonia (AIP) represents a severe form of diffuse lung injury within the idiopathic interstitial pneumonia spectrum. Given the limited understanding of its molecular basis, this study aims to elucidate AIP's genomic and transcriptomic profiles to uncover its pathophysiological underpinnings and identify potential therapeutic targets. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data from lung tissues of 15 AIP patients.

Clinical Implications of the Skip Phenomenon in Patients with Persistent Bacteremia.

Intermittent negative blood cultures, known as the skip phenomenon (SP), frequently occur in patients with bacteremia (SAB), yet the clinical implications of SP in persistent SAB are not well understood. In this retrospective cohort study conducted at four university hospitals, SP was observed in 25 (11.3%) of 221 patients with persistent SAB.

The enzymatic and transcriptional adverse effects of hull in-water cleaning discharge on juvenile rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli).

The hull in-water cleaning (IWC) process creates chemical contaminants, including antifouling paint particle mixtures that are directly discharged into the coastal environment. Recent attention has also been paid to the international regulation of ship hull cleaning discharges in environmental media. However, few studies have investigated the adverse effects or toxic pathways on resident marine species.

Thirty-Day Mortality of Persistent Methicillin-Resistant Bacteremia: Insights from a Retrospective Cohort Study.

Although glycopeptides remain the preferred treatment for methicillin-resistant (MRSA) bacteremia, the treatment of persistent MRSA bacteremia has been challenging. We investigated real-world treatment strategies for persistent MRSA bacteremia, with a specific emphasis on the use of antimicrobial agents and the frequency of changes during the treatment course. We retrospectively identified patients with persistent MRSA bacteremia in four university-affiliated hospitals between 2017 and 2021.

Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors disrupt human neutrophil swarming and antifungal functions.

Unlabelled: Neutrophils communicate with one another and amplify their destructive power through swarming, a collective process that synchronizes the activities of multiple neutrophils against one target. The sequence of activities contributing to swarming against clusters of fungi has been recently uncovered. However, the molecular signals controlling the neutrophils' activities during the swarming process are just emerging.

Heavy metal exposure and its effects on APOC3, CFAI, and ZA2G.

Despite increasing heavy metal pollution, traditional epidemiology often fails to link exposure to health outcomes. This study used multi-omics to investigate associations between heavy metal exposure and health. Blood and urine samples from 294 participants in heavy metal-exposed and control areas were analyzed, revealing key biomarkers.

Aerobic bacterial group as an early-stage biomarker from faecal samples of patients with colorectal cancer without distant metastasis.

The current approaches for detecting most colorectal polyps and early neoplasms lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity, potentially hindering treatment and ultimately reducing survival rates. Here, we performed a metagenomic analysis to identify microbiome markers in stool samples from patients with early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC). We compared the composition of gut microbiota between patients with CRC and healthy individuals, specifically focusing on patients with early-stage CRC, defined as those without core mutations (KRAS, BRAF) for CRC diagnosis, stable microsatellite instability, and distant metastasis.

An Autophagy-Targeting Chimera Induces Degradation of Androgen Receptor Mutants and AR-v7 in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Genetic alterations play a pivotal role in various human diseases, particularly cancer. The androgen receptor (AR) is a crucial transcription factor driving prostate cancer progression across all stages. Current AR-targeting therapies utilize competitive AR antagonists or pathway suppressors.

Effect of Streptococcus mutans on the autofluorescence of pathogens causing aspiration pneumonia.

Background: This study aimed to determine the autofluorescence characteristics influenced by interactions between Streptococcus mutans (SM) and pneumonia-related microorganisms using a quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) technology.

Methods: The microbial strains used were Acinetobacter baumannii (AB), Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Escherichia coli (EC), Candida albicans (CA), and SM. Fluorescence was captured using QLF technology.

Novel coumarin benzamides as potent and reversible monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors: Design, synthesis, and neuroprotective effects.

A series of new 6-amidocoumarin derivatives, 3a-j, was synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against monoamine oxidase (MAO) and cholinesterase. All compounds, except 3 g, showed higher inhibitory activity towards MAO-B than MAO-A. Compound 3i most potently inhibited MAO-B with an IC value of 0.

Mitochondrial Genomes of Korean Native Black Goats Reveal Shared Phylogeographic Patterns and Demographic History.

This study explores the phylogeny of Korean native black goats through analysis of their complete mitochondrial DNA. The National Institute of Animal Science has gathered genetic material on purebred goats from isolated regions such as Tongyeong, Dangjin, and Jangsu, and is actively breeding them on a national level. These populations, however, are small and exhibit high inbreeding rates, highlighting the urgent need to preserve genetic diversity.

Effect of Salinity and Salmon Pituitary Extract on the Expression of Reproduction and/or Salinity-Related Genes in the Pituitary Cells of Japaneses Eel.

Artificial sexual maturation of eel () involves rearing in seawater and injecting salmon pituitary extract (SPE). The salinity of seawater and components of SPE influence hormonal activities of the eel pituitary, leading to gonad development. This study investigated the direct effects of salinity change and SPE treatment on the eel pituitary gland using primary cell cultures.

Serum proteomic changes related to residual impairment in remittent depression are associated with immune and inflammatory processes.

In patients with major depressive disorder, various functional areas are impaired, negatively impacting the quality of life. Remission can restore pre-depression functions; however, some patients may still have residual impairments. Distinguishing between near-normal recovery and residual impairment helps identify those at a high risk of relapse risk and helps tailor treatment.

The toxic effects of exposure to fibrous and fragmented microplastic in juvenile rockfish based on two omics approach.

Although the hazards of environmental microplastics (MPs) are well known, it is unclear which of their characteristics have the greatest effects on organism. We investigated the toxic effects of oral administration according to physical properties, including the shape of fragmented polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (FrPET) and fibrous PET (FiPET) MPs. After 72 h of exposure, apoptosis and phagocytic activity varied significantly among juvenile rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) exposed to both FrPET and FiPET.