Surveillance of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms for progression to pseudomyxoma peritonei: Results from a structured surveillance programme.

Aim: Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) of the appendix is a rare tumour that can progress to pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). There is a lack of standardization of surveillance following resection of LAMN as the progression rate to PMP is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of progression following resection of LAMN to PMP in a structured surveillance programme.

Differences between a successive versus simultaneous range discrimination task in an echolocating bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).

A primary feature of bat and dolphin biosonar is the ability to measure echo-delay, both to determine absolute target range and to resolve range differences between targets. Measurements of range (i.e.

Discrimination of double-click synthetic echoes by bottlenose dolphins: Effects of inter-highlight interval and phasea).

Two bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were trained to discriminate double-click synthetic "echoes" differing in inter-highlight interval (IHI). In the first experimental task, dolphins passively listened to background (S-) stimuli with constant IHI and responded on discriminating a change to target (S+) stimuli with a slightly increased IHI. The second task was similar, but the highlights were assigned random, frequency-independent phase angles.

Clinical validation of 3D virtual modelling for laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision with central vascular ligation for proximal colon cancer.

Introduction: Laparoscopic Complete Mesocolic Excision (CME) with Central Vascular Ligation (CVL) in colon cancer surgery has not been broadly adopted in part because of safety concerns. Pre-operative 3-D virtual modelling (3DVM) may help but needs validation.

Methods: 3DVM were routinely constructed from CT mesenteric angiograms (CTMA) using a commercial service (Visible Patient, Strasbourg, France) for consecutive patients during our CMECVL learning curve over three years.

What is the optimum post treatment surveillance imaging protocol for low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms and pseudomyxoma peritoneii?

Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms are rare and can be associated with the development of disseminated peritoneal disease known as pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). Mucinous tumours identified on appendicectomy are therefore followed up to assess for recurrence and the development of PMP. In addition, individuals who initially present with PMP and are treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) are followed up to assess for recurrence.

Dolphin short-term auditory fatigue and self-mitigation.

Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were measured at 57 kHz in two dolphins warned of an impending intense tone at 40 kHz. Over the course of testing, the duration of the intense tone was increased from 0.5 to 16 s to determine if changes in ABRs observed after cessation of the intense sound were the result of post-stimulatory auditory fatigue or conditioned hearing attenuation.

The effects of range and echo-phase on range resolution in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) performing a successive comparison taska).

Echolocating bats and dolphins use biosonar to determine target range, but differences in range discrimination thresholds have been reported for the two species. Whether these differences represent a true difference in their sensory system capability is unknown. Here, the dolphin's range discrimination threshold as a function of absolute range and echo-phase was investigated.

Multidisciplinary Surgical Approach to Increase Survival for Advanced Ovarian Cancer in a Tertiary Gynaecological Oncology Centre.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to report on changes in overall survival, progression-free survival, and complete cytoreduction rates in the 5-year period after the implementation of a multidisciplinary surgical team (MDT).

Methods: Two cohorts were used. Cohort A was a retrospectively collated cohort from 2006 to 2015.

Auditory masking in odobenid and otariid carnivoresa).

As the only living species within the odobenid lineage of carnivores, walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) have no close relatives from which auditory information can be extrapolated. Sea lions and fur seals in the otariid lineage are the nearest evolutionary outgroup. To advance understanding of odobenid and otariid hearing, we conducted behavioral testing with two walruses and one California sea lion (Zalophus californianus).

Temporary threshold shift in bottlenose dolphins exposed to steady-state, 1/6-octave noise centered at 0.5 to 80 kHza).

Temporary threshold shift (TTS) was measured in bottlenose dolphins after 1-h exposures to 1/6-octave noise centered at 0.5, 2, 8, 20, 40, and 80 kHz. Tests were conducted in netted ocean enclosures, with the dolphins free-swimming during noise exposures.

Bottlenose dolphin temporary threshold shift following exposure to 10-ms impulses centered at 8 kHza).

Studies of marine mammal temporary threshold shift (TTS) from impulsive sources have typically produced small TTS magnitudes, likely due to much of the energy in tested sources lying below the subjects' range of best hearing. In this study of dolphin TTS, 10-ms impulses centered at 8 kHz were used with the goal of inducing larger magnitudes of TTS and assessing the time course of hearing recovery. Most impulses had sound pressure levels of 175-180 dB re 1 μPa, while inter-pulse interval (IPI) and total number of impulses were varied.

Input compensation of dolphin and sea lion auditory brainstem responses using frequency-modulated up-chirps.

Frequency-modulated "chirp" stimuli that offset cochlear dispersion (i.e., input compensation) have shown promise for increasing auditory brainstem response (ABR) amplitudes relative to traditional sound stimuli.

Effects of echo phase on bottlenose dolphin jittered-echo detection.

The ability of bottlenose dolphins to detect changes in echo phase was investigated using a jittered-echo paradigm. The dolphins' task was to produce a conditioned vocalization when phantom echoes with fixed echo delay and phase changed to those with delay and/or phase alternated ("jittered") on successive presentations. Conditions included: jittered delay plus constant phase shifts, ±45° and 0°-180° jittered phase shifts, alternating delay and phase shifts, and random echo-to-echo phase shifts.

Correlation between PSOGI pathological classification and survival outcomes of patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei treated using cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC: national referral centre experience and literature review.

Objectives: The Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International (PSOGI) consensus subdivided pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) into four groups according to histopathological features. The aim of this paper is to report survival outcomes after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) from a national referral centre and to correlate the PSOGI classification with survival.

Methods: A retrospective study of a prospectively maintained database was performed.

External multicentre validation of pseudomyxoma peritonei PSOGI-Ki67 classification.

Background: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare malignant disease. Adding of the Ki67 proliferation index to the PSOGI PMP classification provided two different subcategories of the extensive HG-PMP group (HG-PMP ≤15% and HG-PMP >15%) with different survival in a previous unicentric study. This study aims to carry out an external and multicentre validation of this new proposed classification.

Clinical application of machine learning and computer vision to indocyanine green quantification for dynamic intraoperative tissue characterisation: how to do it.

Introduction: Indocyanine green (ICG) quantification and assessment by machine learning (ML) could discriminate tissue types through perfusion characterisation, including delineation of malignancy. Here, we detail the important challenges overcome before effective clinical validation of such capability in a prospective patient series of quantitative fluorescence angiograms regarding primary and secondary colorectal neoplasia.

Methods: ICG perfusion videos from 50 patients (37 with benign (13) and malignant (24) rectal tumours and 13 with colorectal liver metastases) of between 2- and 15-min duration following intravenously administered ICG were formally studied (clinicaltrials.

Dolphin conditioned hearing attenuation in response to repetitive tones with increasing level.

All species of toothed whales studied to date can learn to reduce their hearing sensitivity when warned of an impending intense sound; however, the specific conditions under which animals will employ this technique are not well understood. The present study was focused on determining whether dolphins would reduce their hearing sensitivity in response to an intense tone presented at a fixed rate but increasing level, without an otherwise explicit warning. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) to intermittent, 57-kHz tone bursts were continuously measured in two bottlenose dolphins as they were exposed to a series of 2-s, 40-kHz tones at fixed time intervals of 20, 25, or 29 s and at sound pressure levels (SPLs) increasing from 120 to 160 dB re 1 μPa.

Age alone is not a barrier to efficacy of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for colorectal peritoneal metastases: analysis of 1138 patients from the UK and Ireland Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases Registry.

Background: The management of colorectal peritoneal metastases continues to be a challenge but recent evidence suggests cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can improve survival. Uncertainty about the relationship between age and tumour biology makes patient selection challenging particularly when reported procedure related morbidity is high and impact on survival outcomes unknown. The UK and Ireland Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases Registry was reviewed to assess the influence of age on efficacy of CRS and HIPEC.

Classification of simulated complex echoes based on highlight time separation in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).

Previous studies suggested that dolphins perceive echo spectral features on coarse (macrospectrum) and fine (microspectrum) scales. This study was based on a finding that these auditory percepts are, to some degree, dependent on the dolphin's ∼250-μs auditory temporal window (i.e.

Auditory oddball responses in Tursiops truncatus.

Two previous studies suggest that bottlenose dolphins exhibit an "oddball" auditory evoked potential (AEP) to stimulus trains where one of two stimuli has a low probability of occurrence relative to another. However, they reported oddball AEPs at widely different latency ranges (50 vs 500 ms). The present work revisited this experiment in a single dolphin to report the AEPs in response to two tones each assigned probabilities of 0.

Output compensation of auditory brainstem responses in dolphins and sea lions.

Cochlear dispersion causes increasing delays between neural responses from high-frequency regions in the cochlear base and lower-frequency regions toward the apex. For broadband stimuli, this can lead to neural responses that are out-of-phase, decreasing the amplitude of farfield neural response measurements. In the present study, cochlear traveling-wave speed and effects of dispersion on farfield auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were investigated by first deriving narrowband ABRs in bottlenose dolphins and California sea lions using the high-pass subtractive masking technique.

Fallibility of tattooing colonic neoplasia ahead of laparoscopic resection: a retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Precise geographical localisation of colonic neoplasia is a prerequisite for proper laparoscopic oncological resection. Preoperative endoscopic peri-tumoural tattoo practice is routinely recommended but seldom scrutinised.

Methods: A retrospective review of recent consecutive patients with preoperative endoscopic lesional tattoo who underwent laparoscopic colonic resection as identified from our prospectively maintained cancer database with supplementary clinical chart and radiological, histological, endoscopic and theatre database/logbook interrogation.