Transdiagnostic Network Localization of Social, Language, and Motor Symptoms in Patients With Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration.

Background And Objectives: Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) includes different clinical syndromes with distinct patterns of symptoms and neuroanatomical locations of neurodegeneration. However, FTLD is clinically heterogeneous (with overlapping symptoms across several domains) and neuroanatomically heterogeneous (with brain atrophy in different locations in different patients). Traditional methods struggle to fully account for this heterogeneity.

Contribution of new and chronic cortical lesions to disability accrual in multiple sclerosis.

Cortical lesions are common in multiple sclerosis and are associated with disability and progressive disease. We asked whether cortical lesions continue to form in people with stable white matter lesions and whether the association of cortical lesions with worsening disability relates to pre-existing or new cortical lesions. Fifty adults with multiple sclerosis and no new white matter lesions in the year prior to enrolment (33 relapsing-remitting and 17 progressive) and a comparison group of nine adults who had formed at least one new white matter lesion in the year prior to enrolment (active relapsing-remitting) were evaluated annually with 7 tesla (T) brain MRI and 3T brain and spine MRI for 2 years, with clinical assessments for 3 years.

Cortical lesions uniquely predict motor disability accrual and form rarely in the absence of new white matter lesions in multiple sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: Cortical lesions (CL) are common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and associate with disability and progressive disease. We asked whether CL continue to form in people with stable white matter lesions (WML) and whether the association of CL with worsening disability relates to pre-existing or new CL.

Methods: A cohort of adults with MS were evaluated annually with 7 tesla (T) brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 3T brain and spine MRI for 2 years, and clinical assessments for 3 years.

Variation in Experiences and Attainment in Surgery Between Ethnicities of UK Medical Students and Doctors (ATTAIN): Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The unequal distribution of academic and professional outcomes between different minority groups is a pervasive issue in many fields, including surgery. The implications of differential attainment remain significant, not only for the individuals affected but also for the wider health care system. An inclusive health care system is crucial in meeting the needs of an increasingly diverse patient population, thereby leading to better outcomes.

Neuronal melatonin type 1 receptor overexpression promotes M2 microglia polarization in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury.

Microglial activation is readily detected following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury. Activated microglia polarize into either classic pro-inflammatory M1 or protective M2 microglia following ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury. Melatonin is protective immediately after ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury.

Virtual classroom proficiency-based progression for robotic surgery training (VROBOT): a randomised, prospective, cross-over, effectiveness study.

Robotic surgery training has lacked evidence-based standardisation. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of adjunctive interactive virtual classroom training (VCT) in concordance with the self-directed Fundamentals of Robotic Surgery (FRS) curriculum. The virtual classroom is comprised of a studio with multiple audio-visual inputs to which participants can connect remotely via the BARCO weConnect platform.

Retained intravascular catheter fragment at removal of implantable vascular access device: Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes.

Background: Retained intravascular catheter fragments (RICF) are a rare complication of implantable vascular access device (IVAD) removal for which there is limited understanding of aetiology. There is a varied approach to management among the currently published literature.

Aims: The aim of this study was to establish incidence, risk factors, and outcomes for RICF after attempted removal of IVADs.

Virtual Interactive Surgical Skills Classroom: A Parallel-group, Non-inferiority, Adjudicator-blinded, Randomised Controlled Trial (VIRTUAL).

Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy of virtual classroom training (VCT) in comparison to face-to-face training (FFT) and non-interactive computer-based learning (CBL) for basic surgical skills training.

Design: This was a parallel-group, non-inferiority, prospective randomised controlled trial with three intervention groups conducted in 2021. There were three intervention groups with allocation ratio 1:1:1.

Virtual Interactive Surgical Skills Classroom: Protocol for a Parallel-Group, Noninferiority, Adjudicator-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial (VIRTUAL).

Background: Traditional face-to-face training (FFT) for basic surgical skills is inaccessible and resource-intensive. Noninteractive computer-based learning is more economical but less educationally beneficial. Virtual classroom training (VCT) is a novel method that permits distanced interactive expert instruction.

Threshold score for the self-report Pediatric Distress Thermometer Rating Scale in childhood cancer patients.

Objective: Although there is enthusiasm for identifying and treating psychosocial problems in childhood cancer patients, there are few validated instruments to help providers identify at-risk children for further assessment. The study objective was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the self-report pediatric Distress Thermometer Rating Scale (Peds DTRS) in childhood cancer survivors and identify a threshold score to help providers classify pediatric patients.

Methods: We evaluated 54 children 7-17 years old using 178 Peds DTRS longitudinal data points from the cohort that was used for the original pediatric adaptation of the DTRS.

The Segond fracture occurs at the site of lowest sub-entheseal trabecular bone volume fraction on the tibial plateau.

In a series of human cadaveric experiments, Dr. Paul Segond first described the avulsion injury occurring at the anterolateral tibial plateau that later took his name. The fracture is thought to arise as a consequence of excessive tibia internal rotation which often also elicits damage to other connective tissue of the knee.

Health care worker hand contamination at critical moments in outpatient care settings.

Background: The delivery of health care in outpatient settings has steadily increased over the past 40 years. The risk of infection in these settings is considered to be low. However, the increasing severity of illness and complexity of care in outpatient settings creates a need to reexamine the transmission of pathogens in this setting.

Neuropsychological differences between survivors of supratentorial and infratentorial brain tumours.

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between brain tumour location and core areas of cognitive and behavioural functioning for paediatric brain tumour survivors. The extant literature both supports and refutes an association between paediatric brain tumour location and neurocognitive outcomes. We examined neuropsychological test data to identify any differences in neurocognitive and behavioural profile associated with supratentorial versus infratentorial tumour location.

Distress screening, rater agreement, and services in pediatric oncology.

Objective: Empirically based data support the validity of the distress thermometer recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network as a standard screen for patient distress. However, the feasibility and utility of the distress thermometer has not been studied in the pediatric oncology setting. We conducted a study to: (1) investigate the validity of an adapted distress thermometer with pediatric oncology patients, (2) assess the degree of agreement among different respondents, including physician and psychosocial staff, with respect to (a) the pediatric cancer patient's distress and (b) the caregiver/parent's distress, and (3) to evaluate the relationship between distress levels and the psychosocial services provided to patients and families.

Mechanical behavior of thermo-responsive orthodontic archwires.

Objectives: This investigation was conducted to describe the mechanical behavior of thermo-responsive nitinol archwires in flexure at 5 degrees and 37 degrees C.

Methods: Four same-sized (but different force level) rectangular archwires were examined using a three-point bend test. Samples were tested at 5 degrees and 37 degrees C.

Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome not associated with the ingestion of nutritional supplements.

The eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) is a recently recognized illness characterized by peripheral eosinophilia, myalgias, and a variety of neurologic, cutaneous, and pulmonary features. Most of those afflicted with this disorder consumed L-tryptophan, but some cases have occurred in association with the ingestion of other nutritional supplements. We describe someone who developed EMS in 1986 without the ingestion of any nutritional supplements.

Albumin grafting on to polypropylene by thermal activation.

4-azido-2-nitrophenyl albumin (ANP-albumin) was prepared by reacting 4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl azide with albumin. The thermal decomposition kinetics of phenyl azide of ANP-albumin was studied at various temperatures by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The decomposition rate of the phenyl azide increased with temperature.

Fibrocystic breast disease: the significance of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and other polypeptides in breast cyst fluid.

Breast cyst fluids from 118 women, aged 29 to 69 years, were analyzed by radioimmunoassays for beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Blood was drawn at the same time in many cases to compare hormonal levels in serum with those in the breast cyst fluids (BCF). The levels of beta-hCG in BCF were relatively high, with a mean (+/- standard error of the mean [SEM]) of 58.