Racial Bias in Pediatric Pain Perception.

Racial disparities in pediatric pain care are prevalent across a variety of health care settings, and likely contribute to broader disparities in health, morbidity, and mortality. The present research expands on prior work demonstrating potential perceptual contributions to pain care disparities in adults and tests whether racial bias in pain perception extends to child targets. We examined the perception and hypothetical treatment of pain in Black and White boys (experiment 1), Black and White boys and girls (experiment 2), Black and White boys and adult men (experiment 3), and Black, White, Asian, and Latinx boys (experiment 4).

Prebiotics for Induction and Maintenance of Remission in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Prebiotics are nondigestible carbohydrates fermented by gut bacteria into metabolites that confer health benefits. However, evidence on their role for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unclear. This study systematically evaluated the research on prebiotics for treatment of IBD.

Trends in the Utilization of Herbal and Dietary Supplements in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease During the SARS-CoV2 Pandemic.

Background: We studied the pattern of herbal and dietary supplement (HDS) use in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A questionnaire/survey was sent to hepatology patients with CLD under the care of hepatologists at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

Results: The 5 most taken dietary supplements during the pandemic included vitamin B12 (27.

Mitomycin C and capecitabine: An additional option as an advanced line therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Background: In recent years survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), though still limited, has improved significantly; clearly, when the disease becomes refractory to standard regimens, additional treatment options are needed. Studies have shown that mitomycin C (MMC), an antitumor antibiotic, and capecitabine, a precursor of 5-fluorouracil, may act synergistically in combination. The efficacy of MMC/capecitabine has been demonstrated in the first-line setting, but only a few small studies have tested it in the advanced-line setting, with contradictory results.

The Resilience of the Phonological Network May Have Implications for Developmental and Acquired Disorders.

A central tenet of network science states that the structure of the network influences processing. In this study of a phonological network of English words we asked: how does damage alter the network structure (Study 1)? How does the damaged structure influence lexical processing (Study 2)? How does the structure of the intact network "protect" processing with a less efficient algorithm (Study 3)? In Study 1, connections in the network were randomly removed to increasingly damage the network. Various measures showed the network remained well-connected (i.

Assessing the Mental Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on US Fire-Based Emergency Medical Services Responders: A Tale of Two Samples (The RAPID Study I).

Objective: This study aimed to examine the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on fire service safety culture, behavior and morale, levers of well-being, and well-being outcomes.

Methods: Two samples (Stress and Violence against fire-based EMS Responders [SAVER], consisting of 3 metropolitan departments, and Fire service Organizational Culture of Safety [FOCUS], a geographically stratified random sample of 17 departments) were assessed monthly from May to October 2020. Fire department-specific and pooled scores were calculated.

Microbiome-Targeted Therapies as an Adjunct to Traditional Weight Loss Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of microbiome-targeted therapies (pre-, pro-, and synbiotics) on weight loss and other anthropometric outcomes when delivered as an adjunct to traditional weight loss interventions in overweight and obese adults.

Methods: A systematic review of three databases (Medline [PubMed], Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) was performed to identify randomized controlled trials published between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2020, that evaluated anthropometric outcomes following microbiome-targeted supplements in combination with dietary or dietary and exercise interventions. The pooled mean difference (MD) between treatment and control groups was calculated using a random effects model.

Dietary Interventions for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: This study aimed (1) to systematically review controlled trials of solid food diets for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); and (2) to grade the overall quality of evidence.

Methods: Systematic review of prospective controlled trials of solid food diets for the induction or maintenance of remission in IBD. Two authors independently performed study selection, data extraction, and assessment of certainty of evidence.

[UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING CAUSED BY BREAST ANGIOSARCOMA METASTASIS LOCATED IN THE GASTRO-ESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION].

Angiosarcomas are rare and aggressive tumors that originate from endothelial cells and make up roughly 2-3% of all soft-tissue sarcomas. Breast angiosarcomas may be idiopathic or secondary to radiation therapy or chronic lymphatic edema. Primary angiosarcoma of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is rare and usually causes abdominal pain or GI bleeding.

Inflammatory markers may predict post-operative complications and recurrence in Crohn's disease patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.

Background: Most Crohn's Disease (CD) patients will require surgical intervention over their lifetime, with considerably high rates of post-operative complications. Risk stratification with reliable prognostic tools may facilitate clinical decision making in these patients. Blood cell interaction based inflammatory markers have proven useful in predicting patient outcomes in oncological and benign diseases.

Malnutrition Increases Hospital Length of Stay and Mortality among Adult Inpatients with COVID-19.

Background: Malnutrition has been linked to adverse health economic outcomes. There is a paucity of data on malnutrition in patients admitted with COVID-19. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study consisting of 4311 COVID-19 adult (18 years and older) inpatients at 5 Johns Hopkins-affiliated hospitals between 1 March and 3 December 2020.

Adult-Attained Height and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Cohort Study, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The influence of anthropometric characteristics on colorectal neoplasia biology is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine if adult-attained height is independently associated with the risk of colorectal cancer or adenoma.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to August 2020 for studies on the association between adult-attained height and colorectal cancer or adenoma.

Naples Prognostic Score to Predict Postoperative Complications After Colectomy for Diverticulitis.

Background: The Naples Prognostic Score (NPS) has proven efficacy as a prognostic tool for postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for neoplastic diseases. However, the role of the NPS score in inflammatory surgical diseases has not yet been studied. We aimed to evaluate NPS predictive value in patients undergoing colectomy due to diverticulitis.

What Do Cognitive Networks Do? Simulations of Spoken Word Recognition Using the Cognitive Network Science Approach.

Cognitive network science is an emerging approach that uses the mathematical tools of network science to map the relationships among representations stored in memory to examine how that structure might influence processing. In the present study, we used computer simulations to compare the ability of a well-known model of spoken word recognition, TRACE, to the ability of a cognitive network model with a spreading activation-like process to account for the findings from several previously published behavioral studies of language processing. In all four simulations, the TRACE model failed to retrieve a sufficient number of words to assess if it could replicate the behavioral findings.

Dietary Supplements for COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious infectious disease that can rapidly escalate to respiratory failure and death. It has infected millions of people worldwide. The trajectory of this disease continues to progress in some areas of the United States and worldwide.

Self-reported Metabolic Risk Factor Associations with Adenomatous, Sessile Serrated, and Synchronous Adenomatous and Sessile Serrated Polyps.

Studies have found a positive association between metabolic risk factors, such as obesity and diabetes, and adenomatous polyps (AP). However, fewer studies have assessed the association between sessile serrated polyps (SSP) or synchronous diagnosis of APs and SSPs (synch polyps). Study participants ( = 1,370; ages 40-85) undergoing screening colonoscopy were enrolled between August 2016 and February 2020.

Fish Oil for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Panacea or Placebo?

Dietary supplements have increasingly gained popularity over the years not only to replete micronutrient deficiencies but for their use in treatment of disease. The popularity of dietary supplements for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) arises from their perceived ease of use, potential disease-modifying benefits, and perceived safety. Overall, randomized controlled trials have not consistently shown a benefit of fish oil for the maintenance of remission with Crohn's disease.

Use of Dietary Supplements in Pediatric Liver Disease and Transplantation.

Background: Dietary supplements are frequently used by healthy individuals and those with chronic medical conditions but may cause damage to the liver. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and attitudes of dietary supplement use, and the frequency of disclosure to healthcare providers among parents/caregivers for children with chronic liver disease.

Methods: We developed an anonymous survey for parents/caregivers of children (<18 years old) with chronic liver disease or liver transplant recipients and distributed the survey through social media groups organized around pediatric liver diseases.

Correction to: Anatomical Configuration of the Stomach Post-Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty (ESG)-What Are the Sutures Doing?

The name of author Vivek Kumbhari was misspelled in the original article.

Yogurt consumption and colorectal polyps.

Diet modifies the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), and inconclusive evidence suggests that yogurt may protect against CRC. We analysed the data collected from two separate colonoscopy-based case-control studies. The Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study (TCPS) and Johns Hopkins Biofilm Study included 5446 and 1061 participants, respectively, diagnosed with hyperplastic polyp (HP), sessile serrated polyp, adenomatous polyp (AP) or without any polyps.

Anatomical Configuration of the Stomach Post-Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty (ESG)-What Are the Sutures Doing?

Introduction And Aim: Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is a procedure in which endoscopically placed sutures involute the stomach and promote weight loss. There is limited data on the durability of these sutures.

Patients And Methods: This was a single center series of 5 patients who underwent ESG performed by a single endoscopist.

Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional digestive condition in the industrialized world. The gut microbiota plays a key role in disease pathogenesis.

Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis on case-control studies was conducted to determine whether there is gut microbial dysbiosis in participants with IBS in comparison with healthy controls and, if so, whether the dysbiosis pattern differs among IBS subtypes and geographic regions.