Body mass index stratified meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of polycystic ovary syndrome in women of European ancestry.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex multifactorial disorder with a substantial genetic component. However, the clinical manifestations of PCOS are heterogeneous with notable differences between lean and obese women, implying a different pathophysiology manifesting in differential body mass index (BMI). We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from six well-characterised cohorts, using a case-control study design stratified by BMI, aiming to identify genetic variants associated with lean and overweight/obese PCOS subtypes.

Predictors of relapse and engagement in care one year after ending services in an urban safety net coordinated specialty care program for first episode psychosis.

Objective: This study aimed to identify risk factors for relapse (psychiatric emergency department visits or hospitalization) and lack of follow-up with outpatient psychiatric care in the 12 months after ending services in an urban safety net coordinated specialty care (CSC) program for first episode psychosis (FEP).

Methods: The study population (n = 143) were individuals with FEP who had any CSC care between 2014 and 2021. To identify risk factors for relapse and follow up after exit, multivariable logistic regression was performed using data from electronic health records and linked insurance claims data.

Age-dependent genetic regulation of osteoarthritis: independent effects of immune system genes.

Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease with a heritable component. Genetic loci identified via genome-wide association studies (GWAS) account for an estimated 26.3% of the disease trait variance in humans.

Leveraging osteoclast genetic regulatory data to identify genes with a role in osteoarthritis.

There has been a growing interest in the role of the subchondral bone and its resident osteoclasts in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 100 independent association signals for OA traits. Most of these signals are led by noncoding variants, suggesting that genetic regulatory effects may drive many of the associations.

Bone Trans-omics: Integrating Omics to Unveil Mechanistic Molecular Networks Regulating Bone Biology and Disease.

Purpose Of Review: Recent advancements in "omics" technologies and bioinformatics have afforded researchers new tools to study bone biology in an unbiased and holistic way. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent studies integrating multi-omics data gathered from multiple molecular layers (i.e.

Bone mineral density loci specific to the skull portray potential pleiotropic effects on craniosynostosis.

Skull bone mineral density (SK-BMD) provides a suitable trait for the discovery of key genes in bone biology, particularly to intramembranous ossification, not captured at other skeletal sites. We perform a genome-wide association meta-analysis (n ~ 43,800) of SK-BMD, identifying 59 loci, collectively explaining 12.5% of the trait variance.

Examining Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Tobacco Dependence Treatment Among Medicaid Beneficiaries Using Fifty State Medicaid Claims, 2009-2014.

In the USA, low-income racial/ethnic minority groups experience higher smoking rates and greater smoking-related disease burden than their White counterparts. Despite the adverse effects, racial/ethnic minorities are less likely to access tobacco dependence treatment (TDT). Medicaid is one of the largest payers of TDT in the USA and covers predominantly low-income populations.

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Molecular Pathways Involved in Osteoclastogenesis Using RNA-seq.

Osteoporosis is a disease that is characterised by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and can be exacerbated by the excessive bone resorption of osteoclasts (OCs). Bioinformatic methods, including functional enrichment and network analysis, can provide information about the underlying molecular mechanisms that participate in the progression of osteoporosis. In this study, we harvested human OC-like cells differentiated in culture and their precursor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and characterised the transcriptome of the two cell types using RNA-sequencing in order to identify differentially expressed genes.

Sugar transporter Slc37a2 regulates bone metabolism in mice via a tubular lysosomal network in osteoclasts.

Osteoclasts are giant bone-digesting cells that harbor specialized lysosome-related organelles termed secretory lysosomes (SLs). SLs store cathepsin K and serve as a membrane precursor to the ruffled border, the osteoclast's 'resorptive apparatus'. Yet, the molecular composition and spatiotemporal organization of SLs remains incompletely understood.

Persistent Disparities: Trends in Rates of Sheltered Homelessness Across Demographic Subgroups in the USA.

Context: Homelessness is a public health crisis affecting millions of Americans every year, with severe consequences for health ranging from infectious diseases to adverse behavioral health outcomes to significantly higher all-cause mortality. A primary constraint of addressing homelessness is a lack of effective and comprehensive data on rates of homelessness and who experiences homelessness. While other types of health services research and policy are based around comprehensive health datasets to successfully evaluate outcomes and link individuals with services and policies, there are few such datasets that report homelessness.

Abortion Is a Right: Perspectives of Family Medicine Physician Residents.

Abortion is healthcare. Bodily autonomy is a fundamental human right. As chief resident physicians representing family medicine residency programs in the Greater Bay Area and Central California in the University of California San Francisco Family Medicine Alliance, we share a deep commitment to promoting health equity, advancing social justice, and eliminating health disparities.

Correction: Coppock et al. Pharmacologic Ascorbic Acid as Early Therapy for Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. 2022, , 453.

The authors wish to make a change to the author names (deleting one author-Constantine Daskalakis) for this paper [...

Intensive Care Unit Bypass for Robotic-Assisted Single-Vessel Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

Background: Fast-track and enhanced recovery after cardiac surgical procedures have shown reductions in intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital lengths of stay, with unchanged outcomes. However, cost reduction by an ultra-fast-track protocol after minimally invasive cardiac operations, without compromising clinical benefits, has yet to be demonstrated.

Methods: A total of 215 consecutive patients underwent robotic-assisted coronary artery bypass grafting, with 156 preoperatively stratified into conventional ICU recovery vs 59 candidates for a defined ICU-bypass protocol involving recovery room and floor care.

Effects of Medicaid coverage on receipt of tobacco dependence treatment among Medicaid beneficiaries with substance use disorder.

Objective: Individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) smoke cigarettes at a rate that is more than double the rate of the general population. Tobacco dependence treatment (TDT) is effective at reducing smoking, yet it is unclear whether expanding insurance coverage of these services increases TDT use among Medicaid beneficiaries with SUD.

Data Source: 2009-2013 Medicaid data in all 50 states and Washington DC.

Diversion as a Pathway to Improving Service Utilization Among At-Risk Youth.

Despite the high rates of mental illness among youth in the juvenile justice system, many justice-involved youth do not receive adequate behavioral health services. We examined differences in health service utilization outcomes between youth who were diverted through a community-based, precomplaint program (Safety Net; = 41), and youth with juvenile justice involvement in neighboring cities ( = 154). Individual arrest and health care records were combined to evaluate the rate of health care service utilization before and after initial police contact.

Pharmacologic Ascorbic Acid as Early Therapy for Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Despite the widespread availability of effective vaccines, new cases of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), remain a concern in the settings of vaccine hesitancy and vaccine breakthrough. In this randomized, controlled, phase 2 trial, we hypothesized that high-dose ascorbic acid delivered intravenously to achieve pharmacologic concentrations may target the high viral phase of COVID-19 and thus improve early clinical outcomes. Sixty-six patients admitted with COVID-19 and requiring supplemental oxygen were randomized to receive either escalating doses of intravenous ascorbic acid plus standard of care or standard of care alone.

Molecular structure, expression, and the emerging role of Siglec-15 in skeletal biology and cancer.

Siglec-15, a Siglec family member and type-1 transmembrane protein, is expressed mainly in human macrophages and dendritic cells. It is comprised of a lysine-containing transmembrane domain, two extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains and a short cytoplasmic domain. Siglec-15 is highly conserved in vertebrates and acts as an immunoreceptor.