In vitro short-term exposure to air pollution PM2.5-0.3 induced cell cycle alterations and genetic instability in a human lung cell coculture model.

Although its adverse health effects of air pollution particulate matter (PM2.5) are well-documented and often related to oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory response, recent evidence support the role of the remodeling of the airway epithelium involving the regulation of cell death processes. Hence, the overarching goals of the present study were to use an in vitro coculture model, based on human AM and L132 cells to study the possible alteration of TP53-RB gene signaling pathways (i.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons within airborne particulate matter (PM(2.5)) produced DNA bulky stable adducts in a human lung cell coculture model.

To extend current knowledge on the underlying mechanisms of air pollution particulate matter (PM(2.5))-induced human lung toxicity, the metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) within PM(2.5) and PAH-DNA bulky stable adduct patterns in human alveolar macrophage (AM) and/or human lung epithelial L132 cells in mono- and cocultures were studied.

Occurrence of molecular abnormalities of cell cycle in L132 cells after in vitro short-term exposure to air pollution PM(2.5).

To improve the knowledge of the underlying mechanisms implying in air pollution Particulate Matter (PM)-induced lung toxicity in humans, we were interested in the sequential occurrence of molecular abnormalities from TP53-RB gene signaling pathway activation in the L132 target human lung epithelial cell model. The most toxicologically relevant physical and chemical characteristics of air pollution PM(2.5) collected in Dunkerque, a French highly-industrialized sea-side city, were determined.

Role of air pollution Particulate Matter (PM(2.5)) in the occurrence of loss of heterozygosity in multiple critical regions of 3p chromosome in human epithelial lung cells (L132).

Lung cancer still remains the most frequent type of cancer all around the world and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Even if tobacco use takes a major part in etiology of lung cancer, other explanations like genetic and lifestyle factors, and occupational and/or environmental exposure to carcinogens have to be considered. Hence, in this study, we were interested in the ability of in vitro short-term exposure to air pollution Particulate Matter (PM) to induce genomic alterations in Dunkerque City's PM(2.

Air pollution particulate matter (PM2.5)-induced gene expression of volatile organic compound and/or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-metabolizing enzymes in an in vitro coculture lung model.

The overarching goals were: (i) to develop an in vitro coculture model, including two relevant lung target cells: human alveolar macrophage (AM) isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and immortalized cells originated from the normal lung tissue of a human embryo (L132 cell line), as a future strategy for near-realistic exposures to air pollution particulate matter (PM), and (ii) to study the gene expression of volatile organic compound (VOC) and/or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)-metabolizing enzymes in this in vitro coculture model. Human AM and/or L132 cells in mono- and coculture were exposed for 24, 48 and 72h to Dunkerque City's PM2.5 at its lethal concentrations at 10% and 50% (i.

Gene expression induction of volatile organic compound and/or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-metabolizing enzymes in isolated human alveolar macrophages in response to airborne particulate matter (PM2.5).

To contribute to improve the knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of action involved in air pollution particulate matter (PM)-induced cytotoxicity, we were interested in the metabolic activation of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and/or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) coated onto Dunkerque City's PM2.5 in human alveolar macrophages (AM) isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). This in vitro cell lung model is closer to the normal in vivo situation than other lung cell lines, notably in the characteristics that AM display in terms of gene expression of phase I and phase II-metabolizing enzymes.

[Chylous ascites complicating domiciliary ventilation by tracheostomy].

Introduction: Despite the development of non-invasive ventilation there remain indications for domiciliary ventilation by tracheostomy (TDV). The principal complications are mechanical and infective. We report a case of chylous ascites secondary to compression of the thoracic duct by the tracheostomy cuff.

[Pneumomediastinum complicating the anti-synthetase syndrome].

Introduction: Pneumomediastinum is a rare but classical complication of dermatomyositis. Its development is a serious matter and necessitates prompt recourse to aggressive treatment with corticosteroids combined with immuno-suppressants or intravenous human immunoglobulin.

Case Report: We report the case of a 63 year old woman presenting with pulmonary infiltration, in the presence of dermatomyositis, as a clinical manifestation of the anti-synthetase syndrome.

[Pleural effusion following hepatic radiofrequency].

Introduction: Surgery is the treatment of choice for primary or secondary hepatic tumours. If surgery is contra-indicated radiofrequency offers an alternative treatment capable of destroying tumours small in size and/or number. It is undertaken percutaneously, during laparotomy or endoscopically.

[Spontaneous pneumothorax revealing malignant pleural mesothelioma. Three case reports].

Spontaneous pneumothorax is an uncommon inaugural presentation of malignant pleural mesothelioma. We report three cases in men aged 65, 30 and 76 years. The diagnosis was suggested at medical imaging and was confirmed at histological analysis of biopsies obtained by thoracoscopy in two patients and thoracotomy in one.

[Bronchial anthracosis and pulmonary mica overload].

Introduction: The discovery of anthracotic plaques generally suggests either a history of tuberculosis or occupational exposure to dust. Other etiologies should, however, be considered.

Case Reports: A 60-year-old Iranian woman presented with a history of dyspnoea and with chest radiography demonstrating calcified hilar lymph nodes and interstitial lung disease.

[Rapid identification of pneumococcal antigenes in urines by the Now Streptococcus pneumoniae Binax test].

Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for many infectious conditions but probably with an underestimated incidence especially because of the fragility of the bacteria. The present study has evaluated a new test which detects a pneumococcal antigen in urine (Now S.p Binax).

[Pulmonary aspergillosis complicating chronic septic granulomatosis. Treatment with itraconazole and gamma interferon].

A 20-year-old patient suffering from chronic granulomatous disease developed pulmonary aspergillosis with thoracic wall invasion. Treatment with itraconazole combined with 3-weekly injections of interferon gamma (INF gamma) improved the patient's general state of health within two months. Functional signs resolved totally and x-ray images continued to improve for 6 months.

[Semi-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Apropos of a case].

A 43-year-old man was admitted to hospital for excavated pneumopathy of the upper part of the right lung, revealed by signs of respiratory infection evolving for a few weeks and involving a 10-kg weight loss. The radiological and clinical evolution and the demonstration of Aspergillus fumigatus allowed establishing a diagnosis of semi-invasive aspergillosis. The treatment, associating amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine, replaced by itraconazole 15 days later, soon produced clinical healing and radiological improvement.

[Bilateral Torulopsis glabrata pneumonia].

In a 48-year old male patient hospitalized for evaluation of fatigue with non-productive cough and dyspnoea, standard radiography and computerized tomography of the chest showed nodular opacities in both lung apices. Examination of intrabronchial specimens revealed mycelial filaments, and Torulopsis glabrata grew in culture. Under antifungal treatment the clinical signs rapidly improved and the radiological abnormalities disappeared more slowly, which confirmed the diagnosis of T.