Relationship between cognitive impairment and hippocampal iron overload: a quantitative susceptibility mapping study of a rat model.

Background: The aim of this study was to establish an iron overload rat model to simulate the elevated iron levels in patients with thalassemia and to investigate the potential association between hippocampal iron deposition and cognition.

Methods: Two groups of iron overloaded rats and one group of control rats were used for this study. The Morris water maze (MWM) was used to test spatial reference memory indicated by escape latency time and number of MWM platform crossings.

Hippocampal iron overload and spatial reference memory impairment: Insights from a rat model.

Background: Brain iron overload may induce neuronal death and lead to cognitive impairment. The hippocampus is a critical limbic structure involved in memory. This study aimed to investigate iron overload and its role in hippocampal damage and memory impairment using a rat model.

Diagnostic Value of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Conductive or Mixed Hearing Loss with Intact Tympanic Membrane.

Background: Conductive or mixed hearing loss with an intact tympanic membrane is a group of diseases characterized by similar clinical symptoms. Definitive diagnosis depends on the findings of exploratory tympanic surgery. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has great potential for middle ear imaging.

Ensemble learning-based pretreatment MRI radiomic model for distinguishing intracranial extraventricular ependymoma from glioblastoma multiforme.

This study aims to develop an ensemble learning (EL) method based on magnetic resonance (MR) radiomic features to preoperatively differentiate intracranial extraventricular ependymoma (IEE) from glioblastoma (GBM). This retrospective study enrolled patients with histopathologically confirmed IEE and GBM from June 2016 to June 2021. Radiomics features were extracted from T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) sequence images, and classification models were constructed using EL methods and logistic regression (LR).

Neuroimaging in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis in children with severe β-thalassemia after allo-HSCT.

Children with severe β-thalassemia major (β-TM) are at high risk of developing toxoplasmosis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The aim of this study was to identify the neuroimaging findings of cerebral toxoplasmosis in pediatric patients with β-TM for early diagnosis and treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis. We performed a retrospective assessment of clinical and neuroimaging data of children with severe β-TM who had cerebral toxoplasmosis after allo-HSCT.

Quantitative parameter analysis of pretreatment dual-energy computed tomography in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cervical lymph node characteristics and prediction of radiotherapy sensitivity.

Background: Treatment efficacy may differ among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) at similar tumor-node-metastasis stages. Moreover, end-of-treatment tumor regression is a reliable indicator of treatment sensitivity. This study aimed to investigate whether quantitative dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) parameters could predict sensitivity to neck-lymph node radiotherapy in patients with NPC.

Nomogram for prediction of hearing rehabilitation outcome in children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss after cochlear implantation.

Background: Reliable predictors for rehabilitation outcomes in patients with congenital sensorineural hearing loss (CSNHL) after cochlear implantation (CI) are lacking. The purchase of this study was to develop a nomogram based on clinical characteristics and neuroimaging features to predict the outcome in children with CSNHL after CI.

Methods: Children with CSNHL prior to CI surgery and children with normal hearing were enrolled into the study.

Artificial intelligence-assisted measurements of coronary computed tomography angiography parameters such as stenosis, flow reserve, and fat attenuation for predicting major adverse cardiac events in patients with coronary arterial disease.

Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) offer promising tools for improving diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes in cardiovascular medicine. This study explores the potential of AI-assisted measurements in enhancing the prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving patients diagnosed with CAD who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).

Nomogram incorporating preoperative MRI-VASARI features for differentiating intracranial extraventricular ependymoma from glioblastoma.

Background: Intracranial extraventricular ependymoma (IEE) and glioblastoma (GBM) may have similar imaging findings but different prognosis. This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images (VASARI) features for preoperatively differentiating IEE from GBM.

Methods: The clinical data and the MRI-VASARI features of patients with confirmed IEE (n=114) and confirmed GBM (n=258) in a multicenter cohort were retrospectively analyzed.

Neuroimaging features of primary central nervous system post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder following hematopoietic stem cell transplant in patients with β-thalassemia: a case series and review of literature.

Purpose: Primary central nervous system post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PCNS-PTLD) is a rare but serious complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in patients with severe β-thalassemia. This study aimed to assess the clinical presentation, pathological characteristics, neuroimaging findings, and treatment strategies in patients with β-thalassemia who developed PCNS-PTLD and to compare a case series from our transplant center to reported cases from literature.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our hospital database and identified four cases of pathologically confirmed PCNS-PTLD without a history of systemic PTLD in patients with severe β-thalassemia after HSCT.

Spatiotemporal dedifferentiation of the global brain signal topography along the adult lifespan.

Age-related variations in many regions and/or networks of the human brain have been uncovered using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. However, these findings did not account for the dynamical effect the brain's global activity (global signal [GS]) causes on local characteristics, which is measured by GS topography. To address this gap, we tested GS topography including its correlation with age using a large-scale cross-sectional adult lifespan dataset (n = 492).

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of intracranial extraventricular ependymoma: A retrospective multi-center cohort study of 114 cases.

Background: Intracranial extraventricular ependymoma (IEE) is an ependymoma located in the brain parenchyma outside the ventricles. IEE has overlapping clinical and imaging characteristics with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) but different treatment strategy and prognosis. Therefore, an accurate preoperative diagnosis is necessary for optimizing therapy for IEE.

Brain iron content and cognitive function in patients with β-thalassemia.

Patients with β-thalassemia (β-TM) may have brain iron overload from long-term blood transfusions, ineffective erythropoiesis, and increased intestinal iron absorption, leading to cognitive impairment. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods such as the transverse relaxation rate, susceptibility-weighted imaging, and quantitative susceptibility mapping can provide quantitative, measurements of brain iron. This review assessed these MRI methods for brain iron quantification and the measurements for cognitive function in patients with β-TM.

Performance of Pretreatment MRI-Based Radiomics in Recombinant Human Endostatin Plus Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Response Prediction in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: To investigate the capability of an Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics model based on pretreatment texture features in predicting the short-term efficacy of recombinant human endostatin (RHES) plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 65 patients newly diagnosed as having NPC and treated with RHES + CCRT. A total of 144 texture features were extracted from the MRI before RHES + CCRT treatment of all the NPC patients.

Frequency-dependent effective connections between local signals and the global brain signal during resting-state.

Unlabelled: The psychological and physiological meanings of resting-state global brain signal (GS) and GS topography have been well confirmed. However, the causal relationship between GS and local signals was largely unknown. Based on the Human Connectome Project dataset, we investigated the effective GS topography using the Granger causality (GC) method.

MRI-based radiomics models for the early prediction of radiation-induced temporal lobe injury in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective: This study was conducted to develop and validate a radiomics-clinics combined model-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics and clinical features for the early prediction of radiation-induced temporal lobe injury (RTLI) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted using data from 130 patients with NPC (80 patients with and 50 patients without RTLI) who received radiotherapy. Cases were assigned randomly to training ( = 91) and testing ( = 39) datasets.

Spirometra mansoni sparganosis identified by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: a case report.

A 30-year-old male patient had a cyst on the left hip and progressive enlargement for more than 2 months. Combined blood tests, magnetic resonance imaging, and pathology findings, cysticercosis infection was suspected. However, the treatment for cysticercosis was ineffective.

Auditory brainstem response after electrolytic lesions in the unilateral medial geniculate body of tree shrews.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the processing of clicks and tone pips in the auditory brainstem of tree shrews and analyze the long-term evolution of postlesion plasticity in the auditory system and its ability to self-repair.

Methods: The auditory brainstem response (ABR) was measured in the normal control group (n=10) and the electrolytic damage group (n=10) before and 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 25 d after electrolytic damage. Recordings were performed under closed-field conditions using clicks and tone pips, followed by statistical analysis of the ABR threshold, amplitude and latency.

Clinical application of MIIRMR as a salvage method in gadolinium-enhanced MRI after intra-tympanic injection.

Background: Three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (3 D-FLAIR) and real inversion-recovery (3 D-real IR) sequences are used to detect endolymphatic hydrops (EH), but medium inversion-time inversion-recovery imaging with magnitude reconstruction (MIIRMR) may be more sensitive.

Aims: We investigated the inner-ear visualisation success rate and EH detection rates of 3 D-FLAIR and 3 D-real IR, and whether salvage MIIRMR could improve EH detection.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-one patients (102 ears) with episodic or chronic vestibular syndrome were injected intra-tympanically with 8-fold diluted gadolinium, and 3 D-FLAIR and 3 D-real IR images obtained 24-h post-injection.

Intelligent Diagnosis and Analysis of Brain Lymphoma Based on DSC Imaging Features.

Currently, DSC has been extensively studied in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and prognosis evaluation of brain lymphoma, but it has not obtained a uniform standard. By combining DSC imaging features, this study investigated the imaging features and diagnostic value of several types of tumors such as primary brain lymphoma. At the same time, this study obtained data from brain lymphoma patients by data collection and set up different groups to conduct experimental studies to explore the correlation between IVIMMRI perfusion parameters and DSC perfusion parameters in brain lymphoma.

Alterations of Regional Homogeneity in Children With Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Resting-State fMRI Study.

Brain functional alterations have been observed in children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss (CSNHL). The purpose of this study was to assess the alterations of regional homogeneity in children with CSNHL. Forty-five children with CSNHL and 20 healthy controls were enrolled into this study.

Disrupted resting-state interhemispheric functional connectivity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with and without neuropsychiatric lupus.

Purpose: The aim of the study is to explore interhemispheric homotopic functional connectivity alterations in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with and without neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE and non-NPSLE, respectively) and their potential correlations with clinical characteristics and neuropsychological performance.

Methods: Based on resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data collected from SLE patients and matched healthy controls (HCs), the voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) analysis was conducted to measure functional homotopy. Subsequently, correlations between altered functional homotopy and clinical/neuropsychological data were analyzed.

Altered Functional Brain Network in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Without Overt Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Based on Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Multivariate Pattern Analysis.

This study aims to investigate the alterations in functional brain network in systemic lupus erythematosus patients without overt neuropsychiatric symptoms [neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (non-NPSLE)] from the perspective of degree centrality (DC) and functional connectivity (FC) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) approach. DC analysis was performed based on the resting-state functional MRI data derived from 47 non-NPSLE patients and 47 healthy controls (HCs). Nodes with abnormal DC were utilized as seeds for further FC analysis.

Assessing Cerebral White Matter Microstructure in Children With Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Tract-Based Spatial Statistics Study.

Objectives: To assess the microstructural properties of cerebral white matter in children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss (CSNHL).

Methods: Children (>4 years of age) with profound CSNHL and healthy controls with normal hearing (the control group) were enrolled and underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). DTI parameters including fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity were obtained from a whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics analysis and were compared between the two groups.