[Continuous increase in community treatment orders and compulsory admissions in the Netherlands, 2003-2017].

Objective: To give a descriptive analysis of court decisions on involuntary admissions and community treatment orders in the Netherlands, and to discuss policy recommendations to contain the use of involuntary care.

Design: Retrospective, descriptive research.

Method: For this study, data were obtained from the Council for the Judiciary concerning requests for court-ordered admissions to mental hospitals and community treatment orders in the Netherlands.

Geographical Distances Between Separated Parents: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Using detailed geocoded microdata from the British Household Panel Survey and longitudinal random-effects models, we analyse the determinants and trajectories of geographical distances between separated parents. Findings of particular note include the following: (1) post-separation linked lives, proximities and spatial constraints are characterised by important gender asymmetries; (2) the formation of new post-separation family ties (i.e.

Increased Mortality Among Patients With vs Without Cirrhosis and Autoimmune Hepatitis.

Background & Aims: There have been few reproducible studies of mortality in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and its variants. We calculated mortality in a large national cohort of patients with AIH, with vs without cirrhosis, in the Netherlands.

Methods: We collected data from 449 patients with established AIH (77% female), from 6 academic and 10 non-academic hospitals in the Netherlands.

The daily practice of (suspected) coeliac disease management by general practitioners: A qualitative approach.

Background: General practitioners (GPs) play a crucial role in diagnosing coeliac disease (CD). However, data on GP management of (suspected) CD patients is sparse.

Objectives: To provide insights into the daily practice of diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of CD by GPs.

Validation of the inflammatory bowel disease disability index for self-report and development of an item-reduced version.

Background And Aim: The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Disability Index (IBD-DI) is a measure of disability in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The IBD-DI is validated for use as a clinical interview but not for use as a self-report questionnaire. We aimed to validate the IBD-DI for self-report (IBD-DI-SR) and to reduce the number of items, using IBD patients from two centers.

Medical and social costs after using financial incentives to improve medication adherence: results of a 1 year randomised controlled trial.

Objective: Offering a financial incentive ('Money for Medication') is effective in improving adherence to treatment with depot antipsychotic medications. We investigated the cost-effectiveness in terms of medical costs and judicial expenses of using financial incentives to improve adherence. The effects of financial incentives on depot medication adherence were evaluated in a randomised controlled trial.

The influence of retinoic acid-induced differentiation on the radiation response of male germline stem cells.

Lifelong mammalian male fertility is maintained through an intricate balance between spermatogonial proliferation and differentiation. DNA damage in spermatogonia, for instance caused by chemo- or radiotherapy, can induce cell cycle arrest or germ cell apoptosis, possibly resulting in male infertility. Spermatogonia are generally more radiosensitive and prone to undergo apoptosis than somatic cells.

Temperature impact on sludge yield, settleability and kinetics of three heterotrophic conversions corroborates the prospect of thermophilic biological nitrogen removal.

In specific municipal and industrial cases, thermophilic wastewater treatment (>45 °C) might bring cost advantages over commonly applied mesophilic processes (10-35 °C). To develop such a novel process, one needs sound parameters on kinetics, sludge yield and sludge settleability of three heterotrophic conversions: aerobic carbon removal, denitritation and denitrification. These features were evaluated in acetate-fed sequencing batch reactors (30, 40, 50 and 60 °C).

The teratogenicity of allopurinol: A comprehensive review of animal and human studies.

Allopurinol is widely used in the management of multiple disorders including gout, kidney stones and inflammatory bowel disease. Despite of long-term experience, its safety in pregnancy has been debated due to reports on possible teratogenicity. We aimed to review the literature on the safety of allopurinol in pregnancy and offspring.

High and Intensive Care in Psychiatry: Validating the HIC Monitor as a Tool for Assessing the Quality of Psychiatric Intensive Care Units.

This study aims to validate the HIC monitor as a model-fidelity scale to the High and Intensive Care (HIC) model, a recently developed model for acute psychiatric wards. To assess the psychometric properties of the HIC monitor, 37 audits were held on closed inpatient wards at 20 psychiatric hospitals in the Netherlands. Interrater reliability, construct validity and content validity were examined.

Biochemical efficacy of tioguanine in autoimmune hepatitis: a retrospective review of practice in the Netherlands.

Background: Azathioprine (AZA) and mercaptopurine (MP) are the cornerstone of steroid-sparing strategies in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Up to 20% of patients do not tolerate or respond to these regimens.

Aim: To evaluate retrospectively the tolerability and efficacy of tioguanine (thioguanine) (TG) therapy in selected patients with AIH and AIH variant syndromes.

High-resolution mapping and modeling of anammox recovery from recurrent oxygen exposure.

Oxygen inhibits anammox, a bioconversion executed by anoxic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB). Nonetheless, oxygen is mostly found in the proximity of AnAOB in nitrogen removal applications, being a substrate for nitritation. The experiments performed to date were mostly limited to batch activity tests where AnAOB activity is estimated during oxygen exposure.

[Model fidelity of flexible assertive community treatment (F-ACT) teams: five years of audit results].

The Flexible act (f-act) has been introduced in the Netherlands since 2004, alongside the Assertive Community Treatment (act) model. An estimate of 400 (f-)act teams concurrently provide care to approximately 70.000 people with serious mental illness.

Adaptive Resistance to EGFR-Targeted Therapy by Calcium Signaling in NSCLC Cells.

Targeted therapies against oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) show promising results in the clinic. Unfortunately, despite the initial positive response, most patients develop therapeutic resistance. Most research has focused on acquired resistance occurring after an extensive time of treatment; however, the question remains as to how cells can survive an initial treatment, as early resistance to apoptosis will enable cells to develop any growth-stimulating mechanism.

Optimized Sampling Conditions for Fecal Volatile Organic Compound Analysis by Means of Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry.

Fecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are increasingly considered to be potential noninvasive, diagnostic biomarkers for various gastrointestinal diseases. Knowledge of the influence of sampling conditions on VOC outcomes is limited. We aimed to evaluate the effects of sampling conditions on fecal VOC profiles and to assess under which conditions an optimal diagnostic accuracy in the discrimination between pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and controls could be obtained.

The effect of financial incentives on patients' motivation for treatment: results of "Money for Medication," a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Offering financial incentives is an effective intervention for improving adherence in patients taking antipsychotic depot medication. We assessed whether patients' motivation for treatment might be reduced after receiving financial rewards.

Methods: This study was part of Money for Medication, a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial, which demonstrated the positive effects of financial incentives on antipsychotic depot compliance.

A locus at 7p14.3 predisposes to refractory celiac disease progression from celiac disease.

Background: Approximately 5% of patients with celiac disease (CeD) do not respond to a gluten-free diet and progress to refractory celiac disease (RCD), a severe progression that is characterized by infiltration of intraepithelial T lymphocytes. Patients with RCD type II (RCDII) show clonal expansions of intraepithelial T lymphocytes that result in a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate through development of aggressive enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma. It is not known whether genetic variations play a role in severe progression of CeD to RCDII.

Gamma-Delta T Lymphocytes in the Diagnostic Approach of Coeliac Disease.

Goals: To validate cut-off values of CD3 T-cell receptor gamma-delta chain (TCRγδ) intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) in the (differential) diagnosis of celiac disease (CD).

Background: CD is characterized by an increase in gamma-delta IEL (CD3TCRγδ IEL).

Study: Percentages were determined by flow cytometric analysis of IELs from small bowel biopsies in 213 CD and 13 potential CD (PCD) patients and in total 112 controls.

Clinical Course of Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia in Thiopurine Treated Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients.

Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) is a poorly understood liver condition, which is increasingly recognized in thiopurine-treated patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is difficult to establish an optimal approach to NRH patients, because its manifestations are highly variable (from asymptomatic to symptoms of noncirrhotic portal hypertension [NCPH]) and the prognosis is unknown. The aim of this study was to identify NRH cases in IBD patients treated with azathioprine, mercaptopurine, and/or thioguanine, and to describe its clinical course.

High inter-individual variability of serum xanthine oxidoreductase activity in IBD patients.

Objectives: Thiopurines play an essential role in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD, i.e. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis).

Tailored Versus Generic Knowledge Brokering to Integrate Mood Management Into Smoking Cessation Interventions in Primary Care Settings: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Both tobacco smoking and depression are major public health problems associated with high morbidity and mortality. In addition, individuals with depression are almost twice as likely to smoke and less likely to achieve smoking cessation. In the Smoking Treatment for Ontario Patients program, an established smoking cessation program in Ontario, Canada, 38% of smokers in primary care settings have current or past depression with 6-month quit rates that are significantly lower than those without depression (33% versus 40%, P<.