The Effect of an Iodinated Contrast Material Shortage on Ordering Patterns in the Emergency Department.

Introduction Iodinated contrast media (ICM) is essential to emergency department care in differentiating and delineating life-threatening pathologies. In May 2022, due to the COVID-19 outbreak, there was an unprecedented disruption in the manufacturing of iodinated contrast. The primary goal of this study was to describe the effects of an ICM shortage on the ordering patterns of emergency medicine physicians.

Interaction of protamine with gram-negative bacteria membranes: possible alternative mechanisms of internalization in Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

This study was concerned with the interaction between the cationic antimicrobial peptide, protamine (Ptm) and the cytoplasmic membranes of the gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The objective of the study was to explain the observed paradox of internalization without permanent disruption of the cell envelope. We carried out Monte Carlo computer simulation of Ptm in an aqueous environment in the presence of ~100 mM NaCl and model membranes consisting of either (65:35) or (75:25) PE:PG molar ratios.