The role of autophagy dysregulation in low and high-grade nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer: A survival analysis and clinicopathological association.

Introduction: Bladder cancer disproportionately affects men and often presents as nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Despite initial treatments, the recurrence and progression of NMIBC are linked to autophagy. This study investigates the expression of autophagy genes (mTOR, ULK1, Beclin1, and LC3) in low and high-grade NMIBC, providing insights into potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.

A Pilot Study of Functional Outcomes in Adult Patients Treated With Valgus Intertrochanteric Osteotomy as a Primary Modality for Intracapsular Femoral Neck Fracture.

Background Intracapsular femoral neck fractures account for a majority of hip fractures. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of valgus osteotomy as a primary treatment for intracapsular femoral neck fractures in adult patients aged 15-60 years, assessing its impact on functional outcomes and fracture union. Methodology A retrospective clinical analysis was conducted at the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Osmania Government General Hospital, Hyderabad, India, focusing on patients treated with primary intertrochanteric valgus osteotomy for intracapsular femoral neck fractures.

Seasonal variation of HbA1c levels in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

Background: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) serves as a pivotal marker for long-term glycemic control. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) established its relevance, yet gaps exist in understanding potential seasonal variations in HbA1c levels among diabetic patients. The study highlights the need to explore potential seasonal variations in HbA1c levels and their impact on diabetic patients.

Utility of anticoagulation, pre-smearing and post-smearing hemolytic techniques on morphological assessment and reproducibility in fluid cytology.

Objective: Knowledge of proper collection, storage, preservation, and processing techniques is critical to ensuring proper handling and analysis of fluid cytology specimens. This study was conducted to determine the effect of anticoagulation, pre-smearing acetic acid treatment technique, and saline rehydration technique on morphological assessment, reproducibility, and reporting in fluid cytology.

Material And Methods: The study was carried out in the cytopathology laboratory over 2 months (April-May 2022), where 100 effusion samples were analyzed.

Comparison of liquid based cytology and conventional smears on lymph node aspirates: A cytomorphological study.

Objective: In an era of minimally invasive and rapid diagnostic technologies, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is most useful when it comes to patients with lymphadenopathies especially of the cervical region. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is an alternative processing method which is used for both gynecological and non-gynecological samples. Because of the remarkable advantages of LBC smears in gynecological samples, nowadays, many studies have been done to assess its utility in various other lesions.

Efficacy of intraoperative imprint cytology of sentinel lymph node in breast cancer.

Objective: The most important determinant of patient outcome in cases of breast carcinoma is the regional lymph node status. Intraoperative assessment of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) allows the surgeon to perform axillary lymph node dissection in the same sitting if required. The commonly performed intraoperative methods for SLN evaluation are touch imprint cytology (TIC) and frozen section.

Cytomorphology of mesenchymal lesions in a tertiary care centre and its correlation with histopathology.

Objectives: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a minimally invasive method for sampling a heterogenous lesion. It is one of the first-line investigations in the evaluation of soft tissue tumours. However, the heterogeneity of mesenchymal lesions pose a challenge to the cytological diagnosis.

Cytomorphology of skin adnexal tumors and its correlation with histopathology in a tertiary care center.

Objectives: Even though fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can be successfully used for describing the cytomorphology of skin adnexal tumors and can help in identification of them as benign or malignant, histopathology remains the gold standard in confirmation of diagnosis. Skin adnexal tumors are a large and diverse group and are relatively less commonly encountered in routine practice; hence, knowledge of cytological features of these lesions is crucial for their appropriate management. The present study aims to evaluate the cytomorphological features of skin adnexal tumors on FNAC smears and their correlation with the histopathology.

Granulomatous mastitis: A diagnostic challenge-3 year single institutional experience.

Background: Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is often clinico-radiologically misdiagnosed as breast malignancy. Tuberculosis, foreign body reactions, fungal and parastic infections, and autoimmune diseases can cause GM. The present study aimed to assess the spectrum of GM on fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) smears along with its histopathological and clinico-radiological findings.

Cytomorphological features of syringocystadenoma papilliferum mimicking pilomatricoma at a rare location and in an unusual age group: A cytological diagnostic challenge.

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP) is a rare, benign skin adnexal tumor of apocrine or eccrine differentiation usually occurring in the head and neck region of children. It is a difficult entity to diagnose clinically and even cytological diagnosis remains challenging due to overlapping and masquerading cyto-morphological features with other benign cutaneous adnexal tumors. Here we present, one such intriguing case of SCAP with its cytological features mimicking those of pilomatricoma.

Cellular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung diseases.

The interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a large, heterogeneous group of several hundred generally rare pulmonary pathologies, which show injury, inflammation and/or scarring in the lung. Although the aetiology of these disorders remains largely unknown, various cellular mechanisms have an important role in pathogenesis of fibrosis on the background of occupational, environmental and genetic factors. We have tried to provide new insights into the interactions and cellular contributions, analysing the roles of various cells in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Two Decadal Experiences in Managing Combined Obstetric Vesicovaginal and Rectovaginal Fistulas: A Study From Northern Indian Tertiary Hospital.

Introduction: A retrospective study of 28 patients with obstetric combined vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) and rectovaginal fistula (RVF) treated at our centre throughout the last two decades (2002 to 2022) has been conducted.

Material And Method: In 12 patients, a preoperative diverting colostomy was performed. Six patients had single-stage surgery (both VVF and RVF repair in the same operation) of which two cases required transabdominal repair and four required transvaginal repair.

Study of Inflammatory Markers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Introduction: Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is the sudden worsening of symptoms of COPD like shortness of breath, increased quantity and color of sputum, and systemic inflammation, and has a significant impact on survival. Biomarkers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and procalcitonin have been studied in AECOPD patients as prognostic markers. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are two new inflammatory markers and play a significant role in prognosis in patients with AECOPD.

Fibroadenoma vulva: Experience based on FNA of vulvar lesion.

Vulval fibroadenoma is an extremely rare lesion, mostly seen in young adults. A 51-years-old woman presented with a painless, mobile, and pedunculated vulval mass. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was performed and was diagnosed as a benign fibroepithelial lesion possibly fibroadenoma vulva, which was later confirmed as fibroadenoma vulva histopathologically.

CYP1A1 gene polymorphism and heavy metal analyses in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer: An explorative case-control study.

Introduction: The prostatic disorder is associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (CaP). Evidently, prevalent transcription factors and signaling pathways define their relationship. The etiology of the prostatic disorder is multifactorial including heavy metal toxicity like lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), and genetic factors.

Management of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background The behavior of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is unpredictable and elusive. International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) scores, histological subtypes, and targeted therapy predict survival and prognosis. However, there is a paucity of literature from the Indian subcontinent on mRCC outcomes.

Immunotherapeutic and their immunological aspects: Current treatment strategies and agents.

Cancer is often caused by the immune system's inability to deal with malignant cells and allows them to progress and proliferate. Emerging cancerous cells constantly evade the immune system, and as a result, these cancerous cells acquire more mutations and exhibit the deadliest characteristics among malignant tumors. The importance of understanding tumor immunology, particularly the functions of tumor antigens and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, is highlighted by the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy therapies.