A Review of Transparent Conducting Films (TCFs): Prospective ITO and AZO Deposition Methods and Applications.

This study offers a comprehensive summary of the current states as well as potential future directions of transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), particularly tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), the most readily accessible TCO on the market. Solar cells, flat panel displays (FPDs), liquid crystal displays (LCDs), antireflection (AR) coatings for airbus windows, photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices, transparent p-n junction diodes, etc. are a few of the best uses for this material.

Thin Conducting Films: Preparation Methods, Optical and Electrical Properties, and Emerging Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities.

Thin conducting films are distinct from bulk materials and have become prevalent over the past decades as they possess unique physical, electrical, optical, and mechanical characteristics. Comprehending these essential properties for developing novel materials with tailored features for various applications is very important. Research on these conductive thin films provides us insights into the fundamental principles, behavior at different dimensions, interface phenomena, etc.

Recent Progress on Layered Sn and Pb-Based Mono Chalcogenides: Synthesis, Structure, Optical, and Thermoelectric Properties and Related Applications.

The research on two-dimensional materials has gained significant traction due to their potential for thermoelectric, optical, and other properties. The development of two-dimensional (2D) nanostructured-based TE generators and photodetectors has shown promising results. Over the years, researchers have played a crucial role in advancing this field, enhancing the properties of 2D materials through techniques such as doping, alloying, and various growth methods.

Electrical, Optical and Thermal Properties of Ge-Si-Sn-O Thin Films.

This work evaluates the electrical, optical and thermal properties of Sn-doped GeSiO thin films for use as microbolometer sensing materials. The films were prepared using a combination of a radio frequency (RF) magnetron and direct current (DC) sputtering using a Kurt J Leskar Proline PVD-75 series sputtering machine. Thin films were deposited in an O+Ar environment at a chamber pressure of 4 mTorr.

Magnetron-Sputtered Lead Titanate Thin Films for Pyroelectric Applications: Part 2-Electrical Characteristics and Characterization Methods.

Pyroelectric materials are naturally electrically polarized and exhibits a built-in spontaneous polarization in their unit cell structure even in the absence of any externally applied electric field. These materials are regarded as one of the ideal detector elements for infrared applications because they have a fast response time and uniform sensitivity at room temperature across all wavelengths. Crystals of the perovskite lead titanate (PbTiO3) family show pyroelectric characteristics and undergo structural phase transitions.

Magnetron Sputtered Lead Titanates Thin Films for Pyroelectric Applications: Part 1: Epitaxial Growth, Material Characterization.

Pyroelectric materials, are those materials with the property that in the absence of any externally applied electric field, develop a built-in spontaneous polarization in their unit cell structure. They are regarded as ideal detector elements for infrared applications because they can provide fast response time and uniform sensitivity at room temperature over all wavelengths. Crystals of the perovskite Lead Titanate (PbTiO3) family show pyroelectric characteristics and undergo structural phase transitions.

Effects of post-transfer annealing and substrate interactions on the photoluminescence of 2D/3D monolayer WS/Ge heterostructures.

The ultraflat and dangling bond-free features of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) endow them with great potential to be integrated with arbitrary three-dimensional (3D) substrates, forming mixed-dimensional 2D/3D heterostructures. As examples, 2D/3D heterostructures based on monolayer TMDs (, WS) and bulk germanium (Ge) have become emerging candidates for optoelectronic applications, such as ultrasensitive photodetectors that are capable of detecting broadband light from the mid-infrared (IR) to visible range. Currently, the study of WS/Ge(100) heterostructures is in its infancy and it remains largely unexplored how sample preparation conditions and different substrates affect their photoluminescence (PL) and other optoelectronic properties.

Design and Simulation of Microbolometer with Dual Cavity for High Figure of Merits.

The rapid expansion of the applications of infrared (IR) sensing in the commercial market has driven the need to develop new materials and detector designs for enhanced performance. In this work, we describe the design of a microbolometer that uses two cavities to suspend two layers (sensing and absorber). Here, we implemented the finite element method (FEM) from COMSOL Multiphysics to design the microbolometer.

Electro-thermal numerical analysis of microbolometer over various kinds of design structure under adjustable thermal conductance in the Microeletromechanical system.

The microbolometer is an important device that has a variety of civilian, industrial, and military applications, especially in remote sensing and night vision. Microbolometers are sensor elements in uncooled infrared sensors, which makes the uncooled infrared sensors have the advantage of being smaller in size, light in weight and less expensive compared with cooled infrared sensors. If the microbolometers are arranged in a two-dimensional array, a thermo-graph of the object can be determined using a microbolometer based uncooled infrared sensor.

Electro-Optical Properties of Sputtered Calcium Lead Titanate Thin Films for Pyroelectric Detection.

We report the deposition and characterization of calcium lead titanate (PCT) thin films for pyroelectric detectors. PCT films of thicknesses ranging from ~250 to 400 nm were deposited on both silicon and Si/SiN/Ti/Au substrates at 13 mTorr pressure by 200W radio frequency sputtering in an Ar + O environment. Substrates were kept at variable temperatures during the deposition.

Thermal and Photo Sensing Capabilities of Mono- and Few-Layer Thick Transition Metal Dichalcogenides.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have shown promise in various optical and electrical applications. Among these materials, semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been heavily studied recently for their photodetection and thermoelectric properties. The recent progress in fabrication, defect engineering, doping, and heterostructure design has shown vast improvements in response time and sensitivity, which can be applied to both contact-based (thermocouple), and non-contact (photodetector) thermal sensing applications.

Modeling of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic data analysis by an automatic classifier.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a multi-elemental and real-time analytical technique with simultaneous detection of all the elements in any type of sample matrix including solid, liquid, gas, and aerosol. LIBS produces vast amount of data which contains information on elemental composition of the material among others. Classification and discrimination of spectra produced during the LIBS process are crucial to analyze the elements for both qualitative and quantitative analysis.