Hemodynamic Response to Three Types of Urban Spaces before and after Lockdown during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

(1) Background: Prolonged lockdowns with stay-at-home orders have been introduced in many countries since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. They have caused a drastic change in the everyday lives of people living in urbanized areas, and are considered to contribute to a modified perception of the public space. As research related to the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on mental health and well-being emerges, the associated longitudinal changes of brain hemodynamics in healthy adults remain largely unknown.

[Mild hemophilia A diagnosed at the onset of acute epidural hematoma after lumbar epidural block].

The patient was a 36-year-old man who had been aware of a mild bleeding tendency since childhood, but did not show any history of severe bleeding. After lumbar epidural block was performed for pain caused by lumbar disc herniation, the patient developed paraplegia due to an acute epidural hematoma, and rectovesical disorder. He was admitted to our hospital, and wide fenestration and hematoma evacuation were performed.

Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with severe adenoviral pneumonia: usefulness of real-time polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis.

In infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) the causative pathogen is often undetected, except in cases of herpes virus infections. We describe a 12-year-old girl with life-threatening pneumonia with HPS caused by an adenovirus. She was admitted with complaints of persistent fever and systemic petechiae/purpura.

Genetic characterisation of adenovirus type 8 isolated in Hiroshima city over a 15 year period.

Aims: To investigate the genetic differences among the strains of adenovirus type 8 (Ad8) circulating in Hiroshima city, Japan, and to study their circulation pattern.

Methods: One hundred and twenty nine strains of adenovirus type 8 (Ad8) were isolated in Hiroshima City over a 15 year period (1983-97) from patients with keratoconjunctivitis, and analysed with six restriction enzymes-BamHI, HindIII, PstI, SacI, SalI, and SmaI-to investigate possible relations among the isolates and their genetic variability. Seven hypervariable regions of the hexon gene that carry the type specific epitope were also sequenced to investigate the variation among the genome types.

Characterization of VP4 and VP7 of a murine rotavirus (YR-1) isolated in Japan.

Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the outer capsid proteins VP4 and VP7 of a murine rotavirus strain (YR-1) isolated in Japan were determined. Comparisons of the VP7 amino acid sequence of YR-1 with other murine rotavirus strains (EB, EW, EC, EL and EHP) (1) showed that YR-1 was highly homologous to EB, EW, EC, EL and EHP. Moreover, YR-1 was more closely related to strains representing G3 than to any other G type.

Lung metastasis from parathyroid carcinoma causing recurrent renal hyperparathyroidism in a hemodialysis patient: report of a case.

We report herein the case of a 46-year-old woman on hemodialysis (HD) who developed recurrent renal hyperparathyroidism induced by lung metastasis from parathyroid carcinoma. The patient had been commenced on HD for chronic renal failure about 20 years earlier and had undergone a parathyroidectomy for advanced renal hyperparathyroidism 8 years later. After the initial operation, further explorations of the neck were performed due to recurrence, despite which the hyperparathyroidism persisted and she was finally referred to our department.

Serotyping of human rotaviruses in the Tokyo area (1990-1993) by enzyme immunoassay with monoclonal antibodies and by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification.

Serotyping of human rotavirus in the Tokyo area was conducted from 1990 to 1993 by enzyme immunoassay with monoclonal antibodies (EIA-MAbs) against VP7 and by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of the VP4 and VP7 genes. The results by EIA-MAbs were very similar to those obtained by RT-PCR. Evidence of intraserotypic variations was suggested because strains of undetermined serotypes were detected by either EIA-MAb or RT-PCR.

Genetic variation in VP7 gene of human rotavirus serotype 1 (G1 type) isolated in Japan and China.

Sequence analysis of the gene encoding the major neutralization glycoprotein (VP7) was performed on 12 human isolates of serotype 1 of rotavirus in Japan and China. They were examined for genetic variations among serotype 1 isolates. Comparative studies of their nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences between the 12 isolates and the Wa strain revealed an overall homology of more than 92 and 96%, respectively.

Serotyping of human rotavirus by enzyme immuno-assay with monoclonal antibodies.

Two series of enzyme immunoassays with monoclonal antibodies produced in two laboratories (A and B) were compared in use for serotyping of human rotavirus in stool samples collected in Japan between 1988 and 1991 from patients with gastroenteritis. Of 358 samples, 222 were determined to be the same serotype, while 61 samples could not be serotyped by either assay. A hundred and one and 92 samples were not serotyped by the A and B antibodies, respectively.

[Seroepidemiological study of human rotavirus in northern part of Tokyo from 1990 to 1992 by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction].

A seroepidemiological study of rotavirus was conducted in the northern part of Tokyo from 1990 to 1992 by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). G1 and G3 types were detected in the winter between 1990 and 1991, however G1 type was appeared mainly in the winter between 1991 and 1992. G3 type was observed as the main type during the winter in the 10 year survey in the Tokyo area for the first time.

Detection and serotyping of rotaviruses in stool specimens by using reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification.

Direct rotavirus serotyping (VP7, G type) in stool specimens was carried out by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification (RT-PCR) and compared to serotyping by enzyme immunoassay with monoclonal antibodies (EIA-MAb). The methods used for double-stranded (ds) RNA extraction, RT-PCR amplification, and the primers used were modified from previous reports [Gouvea et al.: Journal of Clinical Microbiology 29:519-523, 1990; Gentsch et al.

Inhibition of rotavirus and enterovirus infections by tea extracts.

Epigallocatechin gallate from green tea and theaflavin digallate from black tea inhibited infections of cultured rhesus monkey kidney MA 104 cells with rotaviruses and enteroviruses. Their antiviral effects were maximally induced when directly added to virus, and their pre- and post-treatment of the cells produced much weak antiviral activity. Antiviral activity of the extracts therefore seems to be attributable to interference with virus adsorption.

[Bacteriostatic activity of bovine colostrum].

Succeeding the previous report on antivirus activity of non immunized bovine colostrum immunoglobulin, we studied the bacteriostatic activity of the immunoglobulin, lactoferrin and lactoferrin Fe by using the automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing system. We have presented the representative positive and negative reactions. Then, we have reported that the immunoglobulin was effective in 10 of a total of 20 species which we examined.

[Immunoglobulin components and anti-viral activities in bovine colostrum].

Bovine colostrum whey and immunoglobulins were prepared. Their characteristics and anti-viral activities were studied:IgG, IgA and IgM were found in bovine colostrum. Most IgG was polymerized.

[Epidemiology of rotavirus infection around Tokyo area].

Epidemiology of rotavirus infection was studied from 1981 to 1988 mainly in three hospitals around Tokyo area. Major serotypes of rotaviruses in the three places were different from those in two hospitals around Kansai area in Japan (Ref. 6, 13), while, major serotypes were same among three hospitals.

Detection of group C rotaviruses in Tokyo.

Four human group C rotaviruses were detected in Tokyo in 1987 and 1988 during a survey over 7 years. Among the four rotaviruses, two electrophoretic patterns were indicated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic (PAGE) analyses. Clinical symptoms, signs, family history, and patients' ages varied.

Characterization of a human rotavirus strain which is possibly a naturally-occurring reassortant virus.

We investigated the antigenic and genetic characters of one of two human rotavirus strains 69M and 57M isolated in Indonesia, both of which showed a "super-short" RNA electrophoretic pattern (A. Hasegawa et al., Microbiol.

A candidate for a new serotype of human rotavirus.

We investigated genetic and serological characteristics of a human rotavirus isolate from Indonesia which had a "super short" RNA electrophoretic pattern (A. Hasegawa, S. Inouye, S.

Neuraminidase-sensitive erythrocyte receptor for enterovirus type 70.

Enterovirus type 70 (EV70) agglutinated human 'O' erythrocytes at 4 degrees C as well as 22 degrees C, but visible agglutination was lost when warmed at 37 degrees C although the virus remained attached to the surface of the erythrocyte. The receptor sites for the virus were neuraminidase-sensitive. A direct involvement of sialic acid on the cell surface in virus-cell interaction was confirmed by the fact that the presence of fetuin or free N-acetylneuraminic acid inhibited the haemagglutinating activity of EV70.

Isolation of human rotaviruses in primary cultures of monkey kidney cells.

We succeeded in isolating human rotaviruses from the feces of gastroenteritis patients by using roller cultures of primary cynomolgus monkey kidney cells with trypsin in the maintenance medium but without concentration and trypsin treatment of the inocula at each passage level. These cells were found to be more sensitive than MA-104 cells (derived from fetal rhesus monkey kidney) for the propagation of human rotaviruses. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the genome RNA revealed that there were small differences in the migration pattern of the segments among all the strains isolated from 1976 to 1981.

Strain-specific aggregation of enterovirus by dextran sulfate.

Dextran sulfate aggregates several enteroviruses depending not only on the pH, the ionic strength of the medium, but also on the protein content of the fluids and on strain specificities of the viruses. The aggregation effect was measured by filtration experiments, by sedimentation in the ultracentrifuge and by electron microscopy. The well known inhibiting effect of dextran sulfate on plaque formation may be due to its aggregating effect: A very strong inhibition of the release of matured virions from the infected cells is observed in medium containing dextran sulfate, whereas the adsorption process is inhibited much less compared with PBS controls.