Racial/Ethnic and Geographic Disparities in Comorbid Traumatic Brain Injury-Renal Failure in US Veterans and Associated Veterans Affairs Resource Costs, 2000-2020.

Unlabelled: Studies have identified disparities by race/ethnicity and geographic status among veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and renal failure (RF). We examined the association of race/ethnicity and geographic status with RF onset in veterans with and without TBI, and the impact of disparities on Veterans Health Administration resource costs.

Methods: Demographics by TBI and RF status were assessed.

Mentoring strategies to support diversity in research-focused junior faculty: A scoping review.

Objective: The purpose of this scoping review is two-fold: to assess the literature that quantitatively measures outcomes of mentorship programs designed to support research-focused junior faculty and to identify mentoring strategies that promote diversity within academic medicine mentoring programs.

Methods: Studies were identified by searching Medline using MESH terms for mentoring and academic medicine. Eligibility criteria included studies focused on junior faculty in research-focused positions, receiving mentorship, in an academic medical center in the USA, with outcomes collected to measure career success (career trajectory, career satisfaction, quality of life, research productivity, leadership positions).

Feasibility, impact, and priority of key strategies to enhance diverse and inclusive training programs in clinical and translational research: A mixed methods study.

Background: Enhancing diversity in the scientific workforce is a long-standing issue. This study uses mixed methods to understand the feasibility, impact, and priority of six key strategies to promote diverse and inclusive training and contextualize the six key strategies across Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs) Program Institutions.

Methods: Four breakout sessions were held at the NCATS 2020 CTSA Program annual meeting focused on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts.

Advancing diversity, equity, and inclusion within clinical and translational science training programs: A qualitative content analysis of the training breakout session at the national CTSA program meeting.

Background: Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in clinical and translational science (CTS) are paramount to driving innovation and increasing health equity. One important area for improving diversity is among trainees in CTS programs. This paper reports on findings from a special session at the November 2020 Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) national program meeting that focused on advancing diversity and inclusion within CTS training programs.

Association of Social Risk Domains With Poor Cardiovascular Risk Factor Control in US Adults With Diabetes, From 2006 to 2016.

Importance: Few studies have examined the association between social risk factors and poor control of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.

Objective: To examine the sequential association between social risk domains and CVD risk control over time in older adults with diabetes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study analyzed core interviews from 4877 US adults with diabetes who were participating in the Health and Retirement Study, a national longitudinal survey of US adults.

Cross-Sector Collaborations Between Health Care Systems and Community Partners That Target Health Equity/Disparities in Diabetes Care.

Evidence shows that social determinants of health (SDOH) are key drivers of diabetes outcomes and disparities in diabetes care. Targeting SDOH at the individual, organizational, and policy levels is an essential step in improving health equity for individuals living with diabetes. In addition, there is increasing recognition of the need to build collaboration across the health care system and the communities experiencing inequities to improve health equity.

Nonmedical Interventions For Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence, Actionable Strategies, And Policy Opportunities.

This systematic review identified studies of nonmedical interventions designed to reduce risk for and improve clinical outcomes for type 2 diabetes. Specifically, this review sought to identify interventions that target structural racism and social determinants of health. To be included, studies were published in English; published between database initiation and January 2022; conducted in the United States; measured an intervention effect using a clinical trial, quasi-experimental, or pre-post design; included a population of adults at risk for or with type 2 diabetes; and targeted hemoglobin A1c levels, blood pressure, lipids, self-care, or quality of life as outcomes.

A Lifestyle Intervention to Delay Early Chronic Kidney Disease in African Americans With Diabetic Kidney Disease: Pre-Post Pilot Study.

Background: Behavioral factors, such as lifestyle, have been shown to explain approximately 24% of the excess risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among African Americans. However, there are limited intervention studies culturally tailored to African Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus and CKD.

Objective: The main objective of this study was to examine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a culturally tailored lifestyle intervention among African Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus and CKD.

Influences of Demographic, Social Determinants, Clinical, Knowledge, and Self-Care Factors on Quality of Life in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Black-White Differences.

Background: This study evaluated racial differences in the contribution of demographic, social determinants, clinical, and self-care factors on quality of life (QOL) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: A total of 615 adults with T2DM in Southeastern United States were recruited. Linear regression models were used to assess the contribution of demographic, social determinants, clinical, and self-care factors on the mental (MCS) and physical components (PCS) of QOL, after stratifying by race.

Food insecurity and glycemic control in individuals with diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes in the United States.

Aims: Investigate the relationship between food insecurity and glycemic control in adults with diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes.

Methods: Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2003-2016, food insecurity was measured using the household food insecurity scale. Glycemic control was measured using glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) collected during the NHANES examination.

The relationship between financial hardship and incident diabetic kidney disease in older US adults - a longitudinal study.

Background: Financial hardship is associated with poor health, however the association of financial hardship and incident diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is unknown. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal relationship between financial hardship and incident DKD among older adults with diabetes.

Methods: Analyses were conducted in 2735 adults age 50 or older with diabetes and no DKD using four waves of data (2006-2012) from the Health and Retirement Study, a national longitudinal cohort.

Preferences in trust regarding the provision of cancer information among adults.

Background: Disparities associated with trust in health information exist warranting a need for research assessing this relationship among adults. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess trust of cancer information among U.S.

The cumulative impact of social determinants of health factors on mortality in adults with diabetes and chronic kidney disease.

Background: A growing body of evidence supports the potential role of social determinants of health on health outcomes. However, few studies have examined the cumulative effect of social determinants of health on health outcomes in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with or without diabetes. This study examined the cumulative impact of social determinants of health on mortality in U.

AKI in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 and Seasonal Influenza: A Comparative Analysis.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is often compared with seasonal influenza and the two diseases have similarities, including the risk of systemic manifestations such as AKI. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of AKI in patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19 and influenza.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19 (=325) or seasonal influenza (=433).

Team Science, Population Health, and COVID-19: Lessons Learned Adapting a Population Health Research Team to COVID-19.

Our multidisciplinary research team is composed of 6 faculty with expertise in internal medicine, nephrology, maternal/fetal medicine, health services research, statistics, and community-based research, and 36 program staff including biostatisticians, nurses, program coordinators, program assistants, and medical assistants/phlebotomists. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact it was having on our community, especially the ethnic minority population in inner-city Milwaukee, we felt it was critical to stay engaged and figure out how to ask meaningful research questions that are important to the community, are relevant to the times, and will lead to lasting change. While navigating this unprecedented challenge, our research team made difficult decisions but were able to engage our staff and respond to community needs.

Lowering the impact of food insecurity in African American adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (LIFT-DM) - Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: There is strong evidence that disparities in the burden of diabetes exist by both race and poverty. Food insecurity, or an inability to or limitation in accessing nutritionally adequate food, is an important modifiable social determinant of health, particularly in adults with chronic disease. African Americans are more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes and more likely than whites to be food insecure.

Trends in Food Insecurity in the United States from 2011-2017: Disparities by Age, Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Income.

The number of individuals in the United States who report food insecurity doubled between 2005 and 2012, with little research investigating possible disparities across time in food-insecure populations. The aim of this study was to investigate trends in food insecurity between 2001-2017 by sex, race/ethnicity, income, and age. Adults participating in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) between 2011-2017 were included in the study.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Decreased Renal Function: Impact on All-Cause Mortality in U.S. Adults.

Introduction: Evidence suggests that individuals with a history of adverse childhood experiences have higher odds of developing kidney disease than individuals with no adverse childhood experiences. However, no study has examined the influence of coexisting adverse childhood experiences and kidney disease on mortality risk. This study uses a longitudinal survey of adults to examine the influence of coexisting adverse childhood experiences and decreased renal function on all-cause mortality in a sample of U.

The Relationship Between Immigration Status and Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Factors in Immigrants and US-Born Adults.

To understand the relationship between nativity and measures of kidney function including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). Seven waves of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2014) was analyzed. General linear regression methods were used to assess the relationship between eGFR, ACR and nativity (foreign-born vs.

The Longitudinal Influence of Social Determinants of Health on Glycemic Control in Elderly Adults With Diabetes.

Objective: This study aimed to understand the longitudinal relationship between financial, psychosocial, and neighborhood social determinants and glycemic control (HbA) in older adults with diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Data from 2,662 individuals with self-reported diabetes who participated in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were used. Participants were followed from 2006 through 2014.

The Association of Paternal Race and Ethnicity with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in a Contemporary U.S. Cohort.

Objective: Maternal racial and ethnic disparities exist in obstetric outcomes. The contribution of paternal race and ethnicity toward obstetric outcomes has been less well documented. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between paternal race and ethnicity and several adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Trends in Out-of-Pocket Burden in United States Adults with Kidney Disease: 2002-2011.

Background: High out-of-pocket (OOP) cost is a barrier to healthcare access and treatment compliance. Our study examined high OOP healthcare cost and burden trends in adults with kidney disease (KD).

Methods: Using Medical Expenditure Survey 2002-2011 data, we examined the proportion of people greater than 17 years old with KD whose OOP burden was high.

Creating a 13-year National Longitudinal Cohort of veterans with chronic kidney disease.

Background: The development of large-scale chronic kidney disease (CKD) cohorts within the Veterans Affairs (VA) system has been limited by several factors, including the high proportion of missing race data etc. The goal of this study is to address the limitations of prior studies by creating a large cohort utilizing robust KDIGO recommendations for identifying and staging CKD.

Methods: Multiple patient and administrative files from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) National Patient Care were linked to create a national cohort of Veterans with chronic kidney disease (CKD) between January 2000 - December 2012; patients identified during this period were followed until 2015.

Assessing the relationship between food insecurity and mortality among U.S. adults.

Purpose: Significant evidence supports a relationship between food insecurity and health, but little work has investigated its relationship on all-cause mortality within a high resource country, such as the United States.

Methods: Data from the 2003-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was matched to National Death Index information. Cox models were used to study the relationship between mortality and food insecurity, adjusting for relevant covariates in a sequential manner (demographics, comorbidities, lifestyle variables, body mass index).