Soluble Membrane Attack Complex (sMAC) as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker Differentiating Acute Viral Encephalitis from Guillain-Barré Syndrome, a Post-infectious Autoimmune State.

Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) presents with the onset of fever, altered sensorium and/or seizures, known to be caused by various infectious and non-infectious aetiological agents, among which viruses are the commonest. The severity of AES prompts rapid diagnosis, which is not met by time-consuming conventional diagnostic techniques. In this study, archived cerebrospinal fluid samples of laboratory-confirmed viral AES, an acute infectious condition and Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), a post-infectious, autoimmune condition was assessed for soluble membrane attack complex (sMAC) using ELISA.

Abscesses due to Melioidosis: A case-based review.

Melioidosis is caused by percutaneous inoculation or inhalation of , predominantly among individuals with risk factors (diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, etc.) from endemic areas of South Asia, Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. While some patients present acutely with sepsis and multi-organ failure, others present with a subacute to chronic course characterised by abscess formation.

Precision targeting of fat metabolism in triple negative breast cancer with a biotinylated copolymer.

Mitochondrial CPT1-mediated fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) critically contributes to the accelerated metastatic expansion of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Hence, inhibition of FAO through active CPT1 targeting could be a promising therapeutic approach in anti-TNBC therapies. Herein, we strategically synthesized a pyrene chain end labelled copolymer bearing biotin pendants, CP4, that actively targets CPT1 and efficiently blocks FAO in metastatic TNBC.

Reusable Iron-Copper Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Primary Amides with Aryl and Alkyl Halides: Access to N-Arylamides as Potential Antibacterial and Anticancer Agents.

We present, for the first time, an efficient ligand-free iron-copper catalyzed cross-coupling reaction involving a variety of aryl, heteroaryl halides (including chlorides, bromides, and iodides), and alkyl bromides with diverse aryl and aliphatic primary amides, conducted under solvent-minimized conditions. This economically competitive protocol successfully yielded the corresponding cross-coupling products, N-arylamides and N-alkylamides, in good to excellent yields with broad substrate scope (65 examples) and tolerance to several sensitive functionalities (including heterocycles). No conventional work-up is required for this protocol, and the developed method is applicable for gram-scale synthesis.

Gut Microbiome in Human Melioidosis: Composition and Resistome Dynamics from Diagnosis to Discovery.

Background: Melioidosis, attributable to the soil-dwelling bacterium , stands as a paramount global health challenge, necessitating extended courses of antibiotics. While murine studies identified the gut microbiota as a modulator of bacterial dissemination during melioidosis, the human intestinal microbiota during melioidosis remains uncharacterized. Here, we characterized gut microbiota composition and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes at diagnosis, during treatment, and postdischarge for melioidosis.

Tunnel sign in patients with melioidosis: a case series from South India.

Introduction: The tunnel sign (linear contrast enhancement along the corticospinal tract) can aid in the early diagnosis of neuromelioidosis, a potentially fatal condition requiring urgent diagnosis.

Methodology: We retrospectively analyzed the hospital data of all patients with culture-confirmed melioidosis between 2018 and 2023 in a tertiary care hospital in South India. MRI scans of patients with neuromelioidosis were reviewed for the presence of the tunnel sign.

Comparative evaluation of real-time polymerase chain reaction, conventional PCR and microscopy for detection of in bovines of Punjab (India).

is a major cause of bovine babesiosis, an economically devastating tick-borne disease that needs timely diagnosis for precise treatment. In present investigation, the detection efficacy of real-time PCR (qPCR) in comparison to conventional PCR and microscopy targeting 18 S ribosomal gene was evaluated on 95 bovines (70 cattle and 25 buffaloes) suspected for babesiosis. Real-time PCR was standardized with the 10-fold serial dilutions in duplication of the given positive control (2 × 10 copy number) ranging from 10 to 10 copy number/µL and mean Ct value of each dilution was taken to extrapolate the curve.

Virulome and phylogenomic profiling of a novel Burkholderia pseudomallei strain from an Indian clinical isolate.

Highly pathogenic Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a neglected tropical disease endemic in Southeast Asian tropical region. This bacterium encompasses diverse virulence factors which further undergo dynamic gene-expression flux as it transits through distinct environmental niches within the host which may lead to manifestation of differential clinical symptoms. B.

Lumpy skin disease: a systematic review of mode of transmission, risk of emergence, and risk entry pathways.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD), a viral disease of cattle, can be acute, subacute, or inactive. It is distinguished by fever and the abrupt emergence of firm, confined cutaneous nodules that usually necrotize. Similar lesions may occur in the skeletal muscles and the mucosae of the digestive and respiratory tracts.

Heterogeneity and Genomic Plasticity of Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter nosocomialis Isolates Recovered from Clinical Samples in India.

Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter nosocomialis are the imperious pathogens in the intensive care units. We aimed to explore the genomic features of these pathogens to understand the factors influencing their plasticity. Using next-generation sequencing, two carbapenem-resistant A.

Assessment of Hepatitis E virus transmission risks: a comprehensive review of cases among blood transfusion recipients and blood donors.

Background: Hepatitis E Virus is a major cause of acute and fulminant hepatitis, particularly in developing countries. While the virus is commonly spread through the fecal-oral route, numerous cases of transfusion transmitted Hepatitis E Virus (TT-HEV) have been reported, raising concerns about its transmission via blood transfusions, especially in industrialized countries. The high prevalence of antibodies and viremia among asymptomatic blood donors further heightens the risk of transfusion-related transmission.

Synthesis and antiproliferative potency of 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,3-thiazolidine-4-one based new binary heterocyclic molecules: cell-based anticancer studies.

Herein, we report the synthesis and anticancer properties of 21 new 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl-imino-thiazolidine-4-one containing binary heterocyclic molecules. Cytotoxicity of the synthesized molecules was evaluated on various cancer cell lines (MCF-7, PC3, 4T1, MDA-MB-231, and MOC2) and normal human embryonic cell lines (HEK-293) MTT assay. The cytotoxicity data of developed compounds was compared with the reference anticancer molecule BG45, a selective inhibitor of the HDAC3 enzyme.

Glucose induced regulation of iron transporters implicates kidney iron accumulation.

Increased iron level is detected in rat kidney and human urine in diabetic condition and implicated in associated nephropathy. However, the biological cue and mechanism of the iron accumulation remain unclear. Here we reveal that glucose increases iron uptake by promoting transferrin receptor 1 (TFRC) in kidney cells by a translational mechanism but does not alter expression of endosomal iron transporter DMT1.

Metal and acid-free synthesis of acenaphthenone-2-ylidene ketones in PEG 400 and their radical nitration by TBN in water.

The synthesis of acenaphthenone-2-ylidene ketones has been developed using PEG 400 as a solvent under metal and acid-free conditions. Using TBN as a nitrating agent under atmospheric oxygen, nitration of acenaphthenone-2-ylidene ketones has been accomplished for the first time. Upon nitration, ()-2-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylidene)acenaphthylen-1(2)-one and alkyl ()-2-(2-oxoacenaphthylen-1(2)-ylidene)acetate give the diastereomer with the same geometry.

Synthetic Strategies of Highly Bioactive Scaffold Bis(indolyl)methane Under Greener Condition- A Comprehensive Review.

Bis(indolyl)Methanes are a major class of heterocycles with considerable promise for technological and biological applications and being fluorescent active as well. Considering the extensive quantity of work on various synthetic techniques, the objective of this study is to measure the previous and current status of research studies related to different types of Bis(indolyl)methane (BIM) derivatives. Currently, research is focused on developing green synthetic strategies for dependable, sustainable and environmentally friendly synthetic processes.

Molecular detection and genotyping of HMPV in patients with severe acute respiratory infection in India.

Background: Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a common respiratory pathogen that causes respiratory tract infections. In India, HMPV has been identified as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children with respiratory tract infections. The most reported sublineages of HMPV in India are B1, B2, A2b and A2c.