Alterations in the Rice Coleoptile Metabolome During Elongation Under Submergence Stress.

Plants known as obligate aerobes developed different mechanisms to overcome the damage incurred under oxygen limitation. One of the survival strategies to have commonly appeared in hydrophytic plants is the escape strategy, which accelerates plant axial organs' growth in order to escape hypoxic conditions as soon as possible. The present study aimed to distinguish the alterations in coleoptile elongation, viability and metabolic profiles in coleoptiles of slow- and fast-growing rice varieties.

QTL mapping of oleic acid content in modern VNIIMK sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) lines by using GBS-based SNP map.

Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid increasing oil oxidative stability. High content of oleic acid is thus a valuable trait in oilseed crops. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.

Genetic mapping of loci involved in oil tocopherol composition control in Russian sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) lines.

Tocopherols are antioxidants that preserve oil lipids against oxidation and serve as a natural source of vitamin E in the human diet. Compared with other major oilseeds like rapeseed and soybean, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) exhibits low phenotypic diversity of tocopherol composition, both in wild and cultivated accessions from germplasm collections.

Cloning and functional analysis of the novel rice blast resistance gene Pi65 in japonica rice.

Pi65, a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) domain cloned from Oryza sativa japonica, is a novel rice blast disease resistance gene. Rice blast seriously threatens rice production worldwide. Utilizing the rice blast resistance gene to breed rice blast-resistant varieties is one of the best ways to control rice blast disease.

Genotyping and lipid profiling of 601 cultivated sunflower lines reveals novel genetic determinants of oil fatty acid content.

Background: Sunflower is an important oilseed crop domesticated in North America approximately 4000 years ago. During the last century, oil content in sunflower was under strong selection. Further improvement of oil properties achieved by modulating its fatty acid composition is one of the main directions in modern oilseed crop breeding.

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for precise fatty acid profiling of oilseed crops.

Oilseed crops are one of the most important sources of vegetable oils for food and industry. Nutritional and technical properties of vegetable oil are primarily determined by its fatty acid (FA) composition. The content and composition of FAs in plants are commonly determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS) or gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) techniques.

UPLC⁻MS Triglyceride Profiling in Sunflower and Rapeseed Seeds.

Sunflower and rapeseed are among the most important sources of vegetable oil for food and industry. The main components of vegetable oil are triglycerides (TAGs) (about 97%). Ultra- performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC⁻MS) profiling of TAGs in sunflower and rapeseed has been performed and the TAG profiles obtained for these species have been compared.

[Prebreeding selection of rice with colored pericarp based on genotyping Rc and Pb genes].

The research was aimed at developing prebreeding resources of Kazakhstan rice varieties with colored pericarp for breeding. During the study, hybrid analysis of inheritance of the trait “colored pericarp” in breeding material used for the work was performed. Rice genotypes with colored pericarp, as well as white rice varieties possessing important breeding traits and maturing under conditions of the republic, were selected from the collection of the Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Republic of Kazakhstan.

[Creation of Blast Disease-Resistant Rice Sorts with Modern DNA-Markers].

Based on modern technologies of molecular DNA-markers, blast disease-resistance genes (Pi-ta, Pi-b, Pi-1, Pi-2, and Pi-33) were introgressed and pyramided into domestic rice varieties to give them long-term disease resistance. For that purpose, this case study uses SSR-markers closely linked to these genes, as well as intragenic markers of genes Pi-ta and Pi-b. Multiplex PCR systems were created for simultaneous identification of two resistance genes in the hybrid progeny for the following combinations: Pi-1 + Pi-2, Pi-ta + Pi-b, Pi-ta + Pi-33.

Leaf Anthracnose, a New Disease of Swallow-Worts Caused by Colletotrichum lineola from Russia.

Black swallow-wort, Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench (= Cynanchum louiseae Kartesz & Gandhi), and pale swallow-wort, V. rossicum (Kleopow) Borhidi (= Cynanchum rossicum (Kleopow) Borhidi), are invasive plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae and are the targets of biological control efforts to control their spread in the United States.

[The steps of mobile phragmoplast formation in meiosis with successive cytokinesis].

Previously non-described in literature abnormalities of phragmoplast formation in pollen mother cells of cereal haploids and allohaploids are reported. These abnormal phenotypes reveal and illustrate some steps of the process of phragmoplast formation in dividing plant cell, indicate a special regulation of their start, and confirm the information about the process obtained from other sources. The cytokinetic stage in plant cytoskeleton cycle is discussed.

First Report of Stem Canker of Salsola tragus Caused by Diaporthe eres in Russia.

Salsola tragus L. (Russian thistle) is a problematic invasive weed in the western United States and a target of biological control efforts. In September of 2007, dying S.

First Report of Anthracnose of Salsola tragus Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Russia.

In October of 2006, dying Salsola tragus L. (Russian thistle, tumbleweed), family Chenopodiaceae, plants were found along the Azov Sea at Chushka, Russia. Approximately 40 plants in the area were diseased and almost 80% of these were dying.

First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Periconia igniaria on Yellow Starthistle in Russia.

Yellow starthistle (YST), Centaurea solstitialis L., is a weedy plant that is widely distributed in the Krasnodar Region of Russia. It is also an aggressive invasive weed in the western United States and a target of biological control efforts.

First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Cercospora bizzozeriana on Hoary Cress in Russia.

Hoary cress (Lepidium draba (L.) subsp. draba (synonym = Cardaria draba (L.

[Bouquet arrest and its consequences for asynaptic meiosis in cereals--haploids and wide hybrids F1].

Arrest of chromosomes at bouquet configuration at zygothene leads to meiotic restitution in some haploids and allohaploids in cereals: univalents are transported preferentially to one spindle pole in bipolar spindle because of their oriented position in the beginning of prometaphase.