Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Anti-Diabetic Drug Metformin in the Prevention of Inflammatory Complications and Infectious Diseases Including COVID-19: A Narrative Review.

Metformin, a widely used first-line anti-diabetic therapy for the treatment of type-2 diabetes, has been shown to lower hyperglycemia levels in the blood by enhancing insulin actions. For several decades this drug has been used globally to successfully control hyperglycemia. Lactic acidosis has been shown to be a major adverse effect of metformin in some type-2 diabetic patients, but several studies suggest that it is a typically well-tolerated and safe drug in most patients.

An Overview of Machine Learning Applications in Sports Injury Prediction.

Use injuries, i.e., injuries caused by repetitive strain on the body, represent a serious problem in athletics that has traditionally relied on historic datasets and human experience for prevention.

Role of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Responses in the Development of Secondary Diabetic Complications.

Increased hyperglycemia due to uncontrolled diabetes is the major cause of secondary diabetic complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. Although it is well known that increased oxidative stress, activation of the polyol pathway, protein kinase C and increased generation of advanced glycation end products could contribute to the development of diabetic complications, recent studies implicated the role of innate immunity and its related inflammatory responses in the pathophysiology of secondary diabetic complications. Increased activation of oxidative stress signaling could regulate NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated innate immune responses as well as NF-κB signalosome-mediated pro-inflammatory responses.

Selected organic dyes (carminic acid, pyrocatechol violet and dithizone) sensitized metal (silver, neodymium) doped TiO/ZnO nanostructured materials: A photoanode for hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cells.

A photoactive nanohybrid material consisting of pyrocatechol violet, carminic acid and dithizone dyes functionalized silver and neodymium-doped TiO/ZnO nanostructured materials is reported here, as photoactive blend, for solid-state dye sensitized solar cell. First of all we synthesized metals (silver, neodymium) doped (TiO) Titanium oxide nanoparticles and their nanocomposites (TiO/ZnO, M-TiO/ZnO) using the sol-gel and reflux technique, respectively. The synthesized samples were then characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction Analysis (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Higher fasting plasma FGF21 concentration is associated with lower ad libitum soda consumption in humans.

Background: The hepatokine fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) influences eating behavior and sugar consumption in rodent models. However, whether circulating FGF21 concentration is associated with food and soda intake in humans is still unclear.

Objective: We investigated whether fasting plasma FGF21 concentration is associated with objective measures of ad libitum food intake and soda consumption.

Efficiency of plant growth promoting bacteria for growth and yield enhancement of maize () isolated from rock phosphate reserve area Hazara Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

The usage of novel Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) as bioinoculant is a good opportunity for ecological farming practices to improve soil condition, quality of grain, crops' yield and biodiversity conservation. The purpose of recent research was focused to examine, isolate and characterize PGP bacteria that colonize the rhizosphere for the duration of the maize plant's seedling. For this purpose, 14 samples of soils and roots in the maize rhizosphere were collected from rock phosphate area of Hazara, Pakistan.

Lower insulin clearance is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in Native Americans.

Aims/hypothesis: Impaired insulin clearance is implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, but prospective evidence remains limited. Therefore, we sought to identify factors associated with the metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI) and to investigate whether lower MCRI is associated with increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes.

Methods: From a longitudinal cohort, 570 adult Native Americans without diabetes living in the Southwestern United States were characterised at baseline and 448 participants were monitored over a median follow-up period of 7.

Thigh Adipocyte Size is Inversely Related to Energy Intake and Respiratory Quotient in Healthy Women.

Objective: The relationship between adipocyte size and ad libitum energy intake has not been previously examined. This study hypothesized an inverse relationship between adipocyte size and daily energy intake (DEI).

Methods: Seventy healthy adults (39 men and 31 women; BMI 30.

Traditional uses of medicinal plants against malarial disease by the tribal communities of Lesser Himalayas-Pakistan.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Malaria is among the most prevalent infectious diseases in the developing countries of world. Estimated number of annual malaria episodes in Pakistan is 1.5 million, but very little is known about medicinal plant species of Pakistan, which have great potential against malarial disease.

Criteria indicating morbidity in tuberculous meningitis.

Objective: To work out a criterion that may indicate morbidity in tuberculous meningitis.

Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the Medical Unit of the Liaquat University of Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan, and included cases related to a period between January 2006 and June 2011. Record of 50 patients were evaluated for clinical features, chest radiograph, Mantoux test, sputum for acid fast bacilli, routine investigations, cerebrospinal fluid studies, computerised tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging of head.