Factors Affecting Turkish Medical Students' Pursuit of a Career in Neurosurgery: A Single Center Survey Study.

Background: Statistics show that over the past 2 decades, even in high-income countries, fewer and fewer students have listed neurosurgery as their top career option. Literature on medical students' pursuit of neurosurgical careers in middle- and low-income countries are scarce. The aim of this research, conducted in Turkey with a middle-income economy, was to contribute insights relevant to medical education and neurosurgery across the world.

Robust scalar-on-function partial quantile regression.

Compared with the conditional mean regression-based scalar-on-function regression model, the scalar-on-function quantile regression is robust to outliers in the response variable. However, it is susceptible to outliers in the functional predictor (called leverage points). This is because the influence function of the regression quantiles is bounded in the response variable but unbounded in the predictor space.

A simple mathematical tool to forecast COVID-19 cumulative case numbers.

Objective: Mathematical models are known to help determine potential intervention strategies by providing an approximate idea of the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases. To develop proper responses, not only are more accurate disease spread models needed, but also those that are easy to use.

Materials And Methods: As of July 1, 2020, we selected the 20 countries with the highest numbers of COVID-19 cases in the world.

Estimation in the partially nonlinear model by continuous optimization.

A useful model for data analysis is the partially nonlinear model where response variable is represented as the sum of a nonparametric and a parametric component. In this study, we propose a new procedure for estimating the parameters in the partially nonlinear models. Therefore, we consider penalized profile nonlinear least square problem where nonparametric components are expressed as a B-spline basis function, and then estimation problem is expressed in terms of conic quadratic programming which is a continuous optimization problem and solved interior point method.