Prevalence of teenage pregnancy and associated factors in Uganda: a meta-analysis and systematic reviews protocol.

Introduction: Teenage pregnancy is a major public health problem with huge consequences for maternal health and pregnancy outcomes. More than 90% of these live births are estimated to occur in developing countries. The objective of this review is to estimate the prevalence of teenage pregnancy and its associated factors in Uganda.

Determinants of Late HIV Diagnosis and Advanced HIV Disease Among People Living with HIV in Tanzania.

Background: About half of people infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) often present late for care, resulting in higher healthcare costs, undesired treatment outcomes, and ongoing HIV transmission. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of late HIV diagnosis and advanced HIV disease (AHD) in Tanzania.

Methods: Data were obtained from the 2016-17 Tanzania HIV impact survey.

Approaches for Exploring the Pharmacological Activities of Benzimidazole Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review.

Background: This article reviews computational research on benzimidazole derivatives. Cytotoxicity for all compounds against cancer cell lines was measured and the results revealed that many compounds exhibited high inhibitions. This research examines the varied pharmacological properties like anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant activities of benzimidazole derivatives.

Therapeutic Journey and Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives.

Background: Coumarin is an oxygen-containing compound in medicinal chemistry. Coumarin plays an important role in both natural systems like plants and synthetic medicinal applications as drug molecules. Many structurally different coumarin compounds have been found to possess a wide range of similarities with the vital molecular targets in terms of their pharmacological action and small modifications in their structures, resulting in significant changes in their biological activities.

Urine protein: Urine creatinine ratio correlation with diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To investigate the urine protein (UP) and urine creatinine (UC) ratio in diabetes mellitus and report its influence as a risk factor for the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: In total, 150 diabetic patients presenting to the outpatient department were included. Detailed history with informed consent and ophthalmic examination, including visual assessment, external ocular examination, anterior segment evaluation, dilated fundus examination by slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy, was done.

A Review on Coumarin Derivatives as Potent Anti-tuberculosis Agents.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an acute or chronic infectious disease caused by several species of Mycobacterium, collectively called tubercle bacilli or Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Around 10 million people get sick with tuberculosis (TB) each year. TB is the second leading cause of death today after HIV/AIDS.

Trends and complications associated with acute new-onset heart failure: a National Readmissions Database-based cohort study.

Literature regarding recent trends and outcomes of acute new-onset heart failure (AHF) with preserved ejection fraction (AHFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (AHFrEF) is limited. The objective of this study is to study the outcomes of AHFpEF and AHFrEF in the USA. Data from the National Readmissions Database (NRD) sample that constitutes 49.

Multicenter Clinicopathologic Correlation of Kidney Biopsies Performed in COVID-19 Patients Presenting With Acute Kidney Injury or Proteinuria.

Rationale & Objective: Kidney biopsy data inform us about pathologic processes associated with infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We conducted a multicenter evaluation of kidney biopsy findings in living patients to identify various kidney disease pathology findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their association with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Study Design: Case series.

The Physician-Patient Working Alliance in Hemodialysis Treatment.

Over the past 20 years, the role of psychological and social factors, including the physician-patient working alliance, have emerged as integral components of medical care for patients with a myriad of health conditions. The current study examines a model comprised of psychological-interpersonal factors and the extent to which it explains patient satisfaction with and adherence to hemodialysis treatment. One hundred and seven adults with end-stage renal disease who were receiving regular outpatient hemodialysis participated in the study.

Anti-GBM Disease in Pregnancy: Acute Renal Failure Resolved After Plasma Exchange, Hemodialysis, and Steroids.

Antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease presenting during pregnancy is uncommon. We present a case of a pregnant female who presented with acute renal failure requiring dialysis due to anti-GBM disease. She responded well to plasma exchange, high-dose steroids, and hemodialysis.

Underprescription of renin-angiotensin system blockers in moderate to severe chronic kidney disease.

Background: Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers slow the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite this, up to 40% of patients with CKD and an indication for RAS blockade do not receive these medications. The purpose of this study was to examine variables associated with the prescription of RAS blockers in patients with CKD and to identify opportunities to increase their use.

Anti-GBM of Pregnancy: Acute Renal Failure Resolved after Spontaneous Abortion, Plasma Exchange, Hemodialysis, and Steroids.

Antiglomerular basement membrane disease presenting during pregnancy is very uncommon. We present a case of a pregnant female who presented with acute renal failure needing dialysis from Goodpasture's disease. She responded very well to just plasma exchange, high dose steroids, and hemodialysis.

Nocardia mikamii a Novel Species Causing Disseminated Nocardiosis: A Literature Review of Disseminated Nocardiosis.

Nocardia is an uncommon Gram-positive organism. It typically appears as delicate filamentous Gram-positive branching rods. In the United States it was estimated to be approximately 500 to 1000 new cases per year.

Comparison of eutectic mixture of local anesthetics cream with dorsal penile nerve block using lignocaine for circumcision in infants.

Objective: Circumcision is a commonly performed surgical procedure but choice of anesthesia remained an issue of research and debate. This study was conducted to find out the effectiveness of the eutectic mixture of local anesthetic (EMLA) cream with dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) using lignocaine, for reduction of pain during circumcision.

Methodology: This was comparative study carried out in Surgical Unit B of National Institute of Child Health Karachi, from May 2008 to October 2008.

Lower extremity cutaneous lesions as the initial presentation of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon.

Cutaneous metastases from colorectal cancers are rare and are usually present on the abdominal wall or previous surgical incision sites. Remote cutaneous lesions have been reported, however, often occur in the setting of widespread metastatic disease including other visceral secondaries. We present a case of lower extremity cutaneous metastases as the first sign of metastatic disease in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the colon.

Determination of risk factors for hepatitis B and C in male patients suffering from chronic hepatitis.

Background: Hepatitis B and C is common in Pakistan and various risk factors are attributable to its spread.One thousand and fifty consecutive male cases suffering from chronic liver disease (327 HBV and 723 HCV) were selected from the OPD of public sector hospital and a private clinic dealing exclusively with the liver patients. To compare the results 723 age and gender matched controls were selected from the blood transfusion services of the public sector hospital.

Temporal trends in hepatitis B and C infection in family blood donors from interior Sindh, Pakistan.

Background: Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infections are a serious global and national public health problem. Earlier studies have reported increasing rates of hepatitis infection in Pakistan, particularly in rural areas. Pakistan has no active surveillance program to monitor trends of these infections.

Role of interferon anti body in predicting the response to interferon therapy in HCV patients.

Objective: To see the frequency of formation of interferon antibodies in patients receiving alpha interferon and evaluate their role in treatment response.

Methods: Patients with chronic Hepatitis C receiving alpha interferon three times a week along with daily ribavarin in two gastroeneterolgy departments of public hospitals, running hepatology clinics were studied. Blood for interferon antibodies in most (71) cases was collected around 5th month of therapy, sera were stored and analyzed in batches.

Hepatitis B and C infection in first-time blood donors in Karachi--a possible subgroup for sentinel surveillance.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and C virus (HCV) are major public health concerns in Pakistan. We conducted a baseline analysis of first-time replacement blood donors at the blood bank of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre in the year 2000 with the view to developing low-cost sentinel surveillance for these infections. Among 7325 such donors, 264 (3.

Emergency blood transfusion services after the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan.

Background: On 8 October 2005, an earthquake measuring 7.6 on the Richter Scale struck the Himalayan region of Kashmir and Hazara divisions, killing an estimated 73,000 people. Soon after, a situation and response analysis of the emergency blood transfusion services was carried out in the affected areas to ascertain specific needs and suggest appropriate measures to assist in the disaster plan.

Evaluation of blood bank practices in Karachi, Pakistan, and the government's response.

Background: National legislation in Pakistan regulating blood banks has been introduced several times, but has never been passed. To support provincial-level efforts to develop legislation we conducted a study to evaluate blood-banking practices in Karachi, Pakistan, to identify areas that could be improved.

Methods: Thirty-seven blood banks were randomly selected from a list of 87 Karachi blood banks.

Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infections among college going first time voluntary blood donors.

Objective: College going first time voluntary blood donors were tested for HBV, HCV and HIV infections, to know the seroprevalence of these diseases among them.

Methods: Blood donation camps were organized at 18 colleges and universities of the city and a total of 612 samples from first time donors were tested for HbsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV 1, 2 antibodies on Abbott Diagnostic systems.

Results: Thirteen voluntary blood donors (2.

Seroprevalence of HIV, HBV and syphilis and associated risk behaviours in male transvestites (Hijras) in Karachi, Pakistan.

In Pakistan, male sex workers are predominantly transvestites and transsexuals known as Hijras. In 1998 in Karachi, Pakistan, we studied the seroprevalence of HIV, HBsAg and syphilis and associated risk factors in Hijras. Study subjects were verbally administered a structured questionnaire that determined risk behaviours for sexually transmitted and blood-borne diseases and knowledge of AIDS/STDs.