The effect of irisin on the ultrastructure of the thoracic aorta in rat: A morphometric study.

Background: One of the most recent hormones to be identified and isolated is irisin, extracted from mouse skeletal muscle in 2012. Irisin has been proven to alter blood pressure, which has an impact on blood vessels, enhance endothelial functions, and prevent injury to endothelial cells. The current study aimed to study the effect of irisin on the ultrastructure of the rat thoracic aorta using the transmission electron microscope (TEM).

Long-term fecal incontinence after lateral internal sphincterotomy for anal fissure.

<b>Introduction:</b> Anal fissure is a common benign anal condition. The gold standard treatment is lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS), and this procedure carries a risk of incontinence. </br></br> <b> Aim:</b> The aim of this study is to determine the long-term risk of fecal incontinence after LIS.

The challenge in diagnosing abdominal wall endometriosis; a series of three cases.

Introduction: Abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) is an understudied entity in which many women of childbearing age who have undergone pelvic obstetric surgeries suffer. In this series, we will present three cases of AWE and discuss the diagnostic challenge in this uncommon disease.

Presentation Of Cases: These case series describe the different presentations of the entity and the various methods of diagnosing them.

Can Applying a Risk Stratification System, Preoperatively, Reduce Intraoperative Complications during Phacoemulsification?

Significance: Adopting a risk stratification system and appropriate listing of cases reduces the rates of intraoperative complications during phacoemulsification. Such listing would allow both safe surgery and enhance training, by ensuring an appropriately experienced surgeon is available to operate on a case or supervise and teach a junior surgeon.

Purpose: To assess if the application of a simple, robust, validated preoperative scoring system can reduce the rates of intraoperative complications if patients are assigned to the appropriately experienced surgeon's list and surgical time is modified accordingly.

Incidence of symptomatic os trigonum among nonathletic patients with ankle sprain.

Purpose: Os trigonum syndrome is a rare condition, often affecting athletes. A paucity of data exists on the incidence of os trigonum syndrome in nonathletic population. The study aimed to determine the incidence and clinical characteristics of os trigonum syndrome in nonathletic patients with sprained ankles.

The use of toric intraocular lens to correct astigmatism at the time of cataract surgery.

Background: To evaluate the visual and refractive outcomes of cataract surgery with toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation at a teaching hospital of the United Kingdom.

Design: Prospective interventional case series.

Materials And Methods: This study compared the outcome of 3 groups of patients: Group 1 included 25 eyes with cataract and more than 2.

A corneal dendritic lesion with a skin eruption: eczema herpeticum, an important differential diagnosis.

Eczema herpeticum is a rare and potentially life-threatening viral infection. We present the case of a 54-year-old man who presented to the emergency eye clinic with a dendritic ulcer and a facial rash. An initial diagnosis of herpes zoster ophthalmicus was suspected.

Colonic transit before and after resection rectopexy for full-thickness rectal prolapse.

Background: The objective of this study was to measure the change in colonic transit time after resection rectopexy for complete rectal prolapse.

Methods: We prospectively carried out isotope colonic transit studies before resection rectopexy in 38 patients with full-thickness complete rectal prolapse and invited them to attend for a postoperative transit study at least 1 year after resection rectopexy.

Results: Preoperatively, 27 (70 %) patients had abnormally prolonged colonic transit times, while 11 had normal colonic transit.

Iatrogenic extreme corneal decompensation treated by sequential Descemet's Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty surgeries six months apart.

Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) is now the most common surgical procedure to treat endothelial dysfunction although it is known that endothelial cell survival is an issue of concern. We present a case whereby severe iatrogenic corneal decompensation caused by Descemet's membrane detachment following premature disconnection of an infusion tube at the end of a trans pars plana vitrectomy and epiretinal membrane peel was successfully treated with two staged DSEK procedures six months apart. The patient was counselled that due to the severity of his extreme corneal oedema more than one DSEK procedure may be needed and the procedure was planned from the outset as a two-stage procedure.

Sutureless large incision cataract extraction: Indications and results from two teaching hospital eye departments in the United Kingdom.

Objective: To highlight the role of Sutureless Large Incision Cataract Extraction (SLICE) in the United Kingdom for the treatment of cataracts at high risk for intra- or postoperative complications.

Setting: Two University Hospitals in the United Kingdom

Materials And Methods: Retrospective case note review of planned SLICE performed over a 12-month period.

Results: SLICE was performed on 11 eyes of 11 patients (mean age, 79 years) having preoperative vision of hand motions (10 eyes) with very dense or mobile cataracts and high risk for phacoemulsification.

Intrastromal corneal ring segments for advanced keratoconus and cases with high keratometric asymmetry.

Purpose: To report the safety and efficacy of intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation to manage keratoconus.

Setting: Singleton Hospital Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University NHS Trust, Swansea, United Kingdom

Design: Case series.

Methods: Intacs SK ICRS were implanted manually for moderate to severe keratoconus and contact lens intolerance or ineffectiveness.

Prevalence of corneal astigmatism in patients having routine cataract surgery at a teaching hospital in the United Kingdom.

Purpose: To analyze and quantify the pattern of corneal astigmatism in patients awaiting cataract surgery and to establish the demand for toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) in a hospital unit.

Setting: Singleton Hospital Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University NHS Trust, Swansea, United Kingdom.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Performance of the Sulcoflex piggyback intraocular lens in pseudophakic patients.

Purpose: To present our experience with a pseudophakic piggyback intraocular lens (IOL) (Sulcoflex; Rayner Intraocular Lenses Ltd) in five eyes of four patients. One patient desired increased spectacle independence after bilateral LASIK and refractive lens exchange with an accommodating IOL. The remaining three patients with residual refractive error desired increased spectacle independence following cataract surgery with a monofocal IOL.

Opacification of the intraocular lens implant following uneventful Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty.

A 74 year old pseudophakic patient developed opacification of a pre-existing intraocular lens implant following Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty which may have been triggered by the presence of air in the anterior chamber.

Intrastromal corneal ring segments for bilateral keratoconus in an 11-year-old boy.

Unlabelled: We present the case of an 11-year-old boy who had bilateral implantation of intrastromal corneal ring segments for progressive keratoconus and poor vision. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were seen, and 1 year postoperatively, the patient maintained good spectacle-corrected vision.

Financial Disclosure: Neither author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

Visual and refractive outcomes of LASIK with the SCHWIND ESIRIS and WaveLight ALLEGRETTO WAVE Eye-q excimer lasers: a prospective, contralateral study.

Purpose: To compare the safety, efficacy, and predictability of LASIK with the SCHWIND ESIRIS and WaveLight ALLEGRETTO WAVE Eye-Q excimer laser platforms.

Methods: This prospective study comprised 44 eyes of 22 consecutive patients who were treated with LASIK using the Moria M2 microkeratome. One eye was treated with the SCHWIND ESIRIS laser and the fellow eye treated with the WaveLight ALLEGRETTO WAVE Eye-Q laser.

Late reactivation of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy causing optic neuropathy.

We describe a case of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy complicated by optic neuropathy presenting 18 years after the diagnosis of dysthyroidism, due to late reactivation of a previously stable ophthalmopathy.

Free radical activity and lipid soluble anti-oxidant vitamin status in patients with long-term ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.

Objective: Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the operation of choice for patients with ulcerative colitis. Free radical activity and the status of lipid soluble antioxidant vitamins have not been previously assessed in patients with IPAA. The aim of the present study was to measure the plasma concentrations of lipophyllic antioxidants and free radical activity in IPAA patients and compare them with normal subjects.

Assessment of dietary intake and trace element status in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.

Purpose: Panproctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is the operation of choice for patients with ulcerative colitis and familial polyposis. The long-term nutritional consequences after pouch surgery are unknown. We have assessed the nutritional status of the essential trace elements-zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium-in patients several years (median, 10 (range, 2-15) years) after surgery.