Organic amendments and conservation tillage improve cotton productivity and soil health indices under arid climate.

Long-term different tillage system field trials can provide vital knowledge about sustainable changes in soil health indices and crop productivity. This study examined cotton productivity and soil health indices under different tillage systems and organic materials. The present study was carried out at MNS University of Agriculture, Multan to explore the effect of different tillage systems: conventional tillage (T), conservation tillage (T), and organic materials: control (recommended dose of synthetic fertilizers; 160:90:60 kg haNPK), poultry manure (10 t ha PM), compost (10 t ha CM), farmyard manure (20 t ha FYM), and biochar (7 t ha BC) on cotton productivity and soil health indices.

Equine leptospirosis: Experimental challenge of Leptospira interrogans serovar Bratislava fails to establish infection in naïve horses.

Background: Little information is available about experimental inoculation of leptospirosis in horses and the pathogenicity of Leptospira interrogans serovar Bratislava in this host.

Objectives: To determine the serological, clinical, pathological and haematological responses of horses to L. interrogans serovar Bratislava strain PigK151.