Impact of Refractive Errors on the Academic Performance of High School Children of Lahore.

Introduction: The process of learning begins in childhood and accurate vision can greatly affects a child's learning capacity. It is documented that visual impairment in children can have a significant impact on their performance at school as well as their social interaction and development.

Objective: This research aimed to study the impact of refractive corrections on the academic performance of high school children in Lahore.

Delineating Novel and Known Pathogenic Variants in , and Genes in Eight Oculocutaneous Albinism (OCA) Pakistani Families.

Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is associated with a wide range of clinical presentations and has been categorized with syndromic and non-syndromic features. The most common causative genes in non-syndromic OCA are TYR and OCA2 and HSP1 is in the syndromic albinism. The objective of this study was to identify pathogenic variants in congenital OCA families from Pakistan.

Comparison of effectiveness of WhatsApp and Facebook as learning tool for the students of a medical college.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Facebook and WhatsApp as learning tools for undergraduate medical students in ophthalmology.

Methods: The quantitative, quasi-experimental study was conducted at Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College, Sialkot, Pakistan from October 2017 to March 2018, and comprised 4th year medical students. A pre-test of ophthalmology topics was taken and participants were divided into Facebook and WhatsApp groups by gender-based stratified randomisation.

Use of Smart Phones and Social Media in Medical Education: Trends, Advantages, Challenges and Barriers.

Introduction: The technological advancements have transformed the society into a global forum influencing the educational processes and learning environments. Medical education is no exemption with an increasing trend to use the social media and smart phones for teaching and learning. Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, YouTube and Edmodo are the platforms promoting collaborative learning, improved communication and knowledge sharing.

Association of seeking ophthalmic assessment in children with parental history of refractive errors.

Objective: To find out the association of seeking ophthalmic assessment in children with parental history of refractive errors.

Methods: After the approval of ethical review board, an analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in eight high schools of public and private sector at Lahore during the period of seven months from August 2017 to March 2018. Multistage random sampling technique was opted and 2000 study subjects were recruited including 50% boys and 50% girls.

Self-Medication Phenomenon; A Population Based Study from Lahore.

Objective: To study the reasons of self-medication in rural and urban population..

Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan, from March to August 2017, and comprised inhabitants of rural and urban areas of the city regardless of gender and aged 18-50 years.

Prevalence of refractive errors; an evidence from the public high schools of Lahore, Pakistan.

Objective: To assess the magnitude of refractive errors among high school children.

Methods: The cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from April to August 2017 in four public-sector high schools in Lahore, Pakistan. Using multistage simple random sampling, all public sector high schools of the city were initially included.

Reforming Medical Education in Pakistan through strengthening Departments of Medical Education.

Objective: To review the current status of departments of medical education in all public and private medical colleges located in the city of Lahore, Pakistan.

Methods: This was a quantitative, cross sectional descriptive study; conducted from March to October 2015 in Pakistan Medical & Dental Council (PM&DC) recognized medical colleges located in Lahore, Pakistan. Respondents were the heads of departments of medical education or any other well-informed faculty member.

Prevalence of hepatitis B and C in internally displaced persons of war against terrorism in Swat, Pakistan.

Background: Hepatitis B and C are the most common blood-borne liver infections worldwide. According to the recent estimates, 270-300 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and more than 2 billion people have been infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Transmission of these viruses is carried out by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids containing blood.