Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (CM-AgNPs) from the Root of for Improving the Cytotoxicity Effect in Cancer Cells with Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities.

The unique properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), such as size, surface charge, and the ability to release silver ions, contribute to DNA damage, inducing of oxidative stress, and apoptosis in cancer cells. Thus, the potential application of AgNPs in the field of biomedicine, and cancer therapy are rapidly increasing day by day. Therefore, in this study, AgNPs were synthesized by extract of , and then the synthesized CM-AgNPs were fully characterized.

sp. nov., isolated from rhizospheric soil of eggplant.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, short rod-shaped and motile bacterial strain, designated MAH-33, was isolated from rhizospheric soil of eggplant. The colonies were observed to be yellow-coloured, smooth, spherical and 0.1-0.

Isolation and Characterization of Sphingomonas telluris, Sphingomonas caseinilyticus Isolated from Wet Land Soil.

Two novel bacterial strains, designated as SM33 and NSE70-1, were isolated from wet soil in South Korea. To get the taxonomic positions, the strains were characterized. The genomic information (both 16S rRNA gene and draft genome sequence analysis) show that both novel isolates (SM33 and NSE70-1) belong to the genus Sphingomonas.

Isolation and characterization of a novel glycoside hydrolase positive bacterial strain named sp. nov. with ginsenoside-converting activity.

A novel yellow-pigmented catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterial strain (designated NA20) was isolated from wetland soil and characterized. Results of 16S rRNA and draft genome sequence analysis placed strain NA20 within the genus of the family . Strain NA20 showed ≤97.

Characterization of four novel bacterial species of the genus , , and sp.nov., isolated from wet land.

Four novel bacterial strains, designated as RG327, SE158, RB56-2 and SE220, were isolated from wet soil in the Republic of Korea. To determine their taxonomic positions, the strains were fully characterized. On the basis of genomic information (16S rRNA gene and draft genome sequences), all four isolates represent members of the genus .

Ketonization of Ginsenoside C-K by Novel Recombinant 3-β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases and Effect on Human Fibroblast Cells.

Background And Objective: The ginsenoside compound K (C-K) (which is a de-glycosylated derivative of major ginsenosides) is effective in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, inflammation, allergy, angiogenesis, aging, and has neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective than other minor ginsenosides. Thus, a lot of studies have been focused on the conversion of major ginsenosides to minor ginsenosides using glycoside hydrolases but there is no study yet published for the bioconversion of minor ginsenosides into another high pharmacological active compound. Therefore, the objective of this study to identify a new gene (besides the glycoside hydrolases) for the conversion of minor ginsenosides C-K into another highly pharmacological active compound.

Arthrobacter hankyongi sp. nov., Isolated From Wet Land.

A Gram-staining-positive, catalase positive and oxidase negative, non-motile, non-flagellated, and oval-shaped bacterium, was designated as I2-34, isolated from wetland in Soul South Korea. Colonies were round, entire, raised, and cream colored after two days of incubation on R2A agar plates at 25 °C. Based on genomes (both 16S rRNA gene and draft genome) sequence analysis, strain I2-34 belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and was most closely related to Arthrobacter deserti YIM CS25 (98.

Low-Complexity Beamforming Design for a Cooperative Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Aided Cell-Free Network.

Cell-free (CF) networks are proposed to suppress the interference among collocated cells by deploying several BSs without cell boundaries. Nevertheless, as installing several base stations (BSs) may require high power consumption, cooperative CF networks integrated with a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)/metasurface can avoid this problem. In such cooperative RIS-aided MIMO networks, efficient beamforming schemes are essential to boost their spectral and energy efficiency.

Repressing effect of transformed ginsenoside Rg3-mix against LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophage cells.

Background: Rg3-ginsenoside, a protopanaxadiol saponin, is a well-known adaptogen used for the prevention of cancer and inflammation. However, despite its distinct biological activity, the concentration of Rg3 in the total ginseng extract is insufficient for therapeutic applications. This study aims to convert PPD-class of major ginsenosides into a mixture of minor ginsenoside, to analyze its immune-regulatory role in macrophage cells.

Synergy of 1-MCP and hypobaric treatments prevent fermented flavour and improve consumers' acceptability of 'Shughri' pear.

Development of fermented flavour during storage reduces acceptability of Shughri pear. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the combined effect of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and hypobaric treatment on stability of Shughri pear during 120 days of storage. Fruit were treated individually or combinedly with 25, 50, and 75 kilo pascal hypobaric treatments for 4 h and 1-MCP (0.

gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from rhizospheric soil of a pine tree.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped novel bacterial strain, designated MAH-26, was isolated from rhizospheric soil of a pine tree. The colonies were orange coloured, smooth, spherical and 0.7-1.

Isolation and molecular identification of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing bacteria from urinary tract infection.

Background: Recent years, the treatment of multi-drug resistant bacteria and their effect are very difficult due to the virulence factors modification. Based on the world wide thread, we have tried to identify the ESBLs producing bacteria from urinary tract infection patients. In result, the highly antibiotic resistant effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were identified.

A synergic action of colistin, imipenem, and silver nanoparticles against pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from patients.

Background: The upgrowth and rapid prevalence of pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains that have a pathogenic activity to cause several infections are of considerable influence on the health of communities worldwide. No infections by these bacterial strains were recorded before 1998, and currently, the numbers are on the rise.

Methods: The A.

Enhanced production of ginsenoside Rh2() from PPD-type major ginsenosides using BglSk cloned from together with two glycosidase in series.

Background: Ginsenoside Rh2() is a promising compound for the prevention of various kinds of cancers, inflammation, and diabetes. However, due to its low concentration (<0.02%), researchers are still trying to find an efficient glycoside hydrolase for the scaled-up production of Rh2().

Paenibacillus roseus sp. nov., a ginsenoside-transforming bacterium isolated from forest soil.

A novel, pink-pigmented, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped and ginsenoside-converting bacterium, designated strain MAHUQ-46, was isolated from soil of a forest. Strain MAHUQ-46 grew in the pH range 6.0-9.

gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel glycoside hydrolase positive bacterial strain with ginsenoside hydrolysing activity.

The conversion of major ginsenosides into minor ginsenosides attracts a lot of interest because of their biological and pharmaceutical activities. Therefore, for the conversion of ginsenosides, finding a novel competent glycoside hydrolase-producing bacterial strain is useful for future research studies and the mass production of minor ginsenosides. Wastewater samples were collected and screened for novel glycoside hydrolase bacterial strains using Reasoner's 2A+aesculin agar medium.

Ecofriendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by sp. nov. and Their Antibacterial Application against Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens.

It is essential to develop and discover alternative eco-friendly antibacterial agents due to the emergence of multi-drug-resistant microorganisms. In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel bacterium named MAHUQ-38, utilized for the eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and the synthesized AgNPs were used to control multi-drug-resistant microorganisms. The novel strain was Gram stain positive, strictly aerobic, milky white colored, rod shaped and non-motile.

Isolation, characterisation and genome analysis of a novel ginsenosides hydrolysing bacterium Ginsengibacter hankyongi gen. nov., sp. nov. isolated from soil.

A novel yellow-pigmented bacterial strain (designated BR5-29), was isolated and its taxonomy was studied. Phylogenetic study based on the 16S rRNA and draft genome sequence placed the strain BR5-29 in a distinct lineage within the family Chitinophagaceae, sharing ≤ 93.4% sequence similarity with members of the closely related genera Ferruginibacter, Flavisolibacter, Flavitalea and Niastella.

Sphingomonas horti sp. nov., a novel bacterial species isolated from soil of a tomato garden.

A novel bacterial strain, designated MAH-20, was isolated from a soil sample of a tomato garden. Cells of strain MAH-20 were Gram-stain negative, aerobic, motile, and rod-shaped. The colonies were light brown colored, smooth, spherical, and 0.

sp. nov., a novel bacterial species isolated from pine garden soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod- or coccoid-shaped novel bacterial strain, designated MAH-25, was isolated from soil sampled in a pine garden. The colonies were observed to be light pink-coloured, smooth, spherical and 1-2 mm in diameter when grown on nutrient agar for 2 days. Strain MAH-25 was found to be able to grow at 15-35 °C, at pH 5.

Luteimonas granuli sp. nov., Isolated from Granules of the Wastewater Treatment Plant.

A Gram-reaction negative, aerobic, non-motile, light yellow colored, and rod-shaped bacterium (designated Gr-4) isolated from granules of a wastewater treatment plant, was characterized by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. Strain Gr-4 was observed to grew optimally at 30 ºC and at pH 7.0 on R2A medium.

sp. nov., isolated from ginseng cultivation soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile, ivory-coloured and rod-shaped bacterium (designated Gsoil 520) isolated from ginseng cultivation soil was characterized by using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. Strain Gsoil 520 was observed to grow optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.0 on Reasoner's 2A agar medium.

sp. nov., isolated from from lake sediment.

An aerobic and Gram-stain-negative bacterial strain, designated UKS-15, was isolated from lake water in the Republic of Korea. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the novel isolate belongs to the genus and was most closely related to RCML-52 (98.0 %), 9 NM-14 (97.

Exploration and Characterization of Novel Glycoside Hydrolases from the Whole Genome of and Enriched Production of Minor Ginsenoside Rg3() by a Recombinant Enzymatic Process.

Background: Several studies have reported that ginsenoside Rg3() is effective in treating metastatic diseases, obesity, and various cancers, however, its presence in white ginseng cannot be estimated, and only a limited amount is present in red ginseng. Therefore, the use of recombinant glycosidases from a Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) host strain is a promising approach to enhance production of Rg3(), which may improve nutritional activity, human health, and quality of life.

Method: EMML 3041, which was isolated from Korean fermented pickle (kimchi), presents ginsenoside-converting abilities.

Hankyongella ginsenosidimutans gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from mineral water with ginsenoside coverting activity.

In this study, a novel ginsenoside transforming bacterium, strain W1-2-3, was isolated from mineral water. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain W1-2-3 shares 93.7-92.