Predominance of - and -Harboring Belonging to Clonal Complexes 131 and 23 in a Major University Hospital.

: Carbapenem resistance is a growing global challenge for healthcare, and, therefore, monitoring its prevalence and patterns is crucial for implementing targeted interventions to mitigate its impact on patient outcomes and public health. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of carbapenem resistance among () strains in the largest tertiary care hospital of the capital territory of Pakistan and to characterize the isolates for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. Additionally, the most prevalent sequence types were analyzed.

Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Outcome in HIV-Infected Patients Coinfected with Tuberculosis in Pakistan.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) coinfection in human immunodeficiency virus- (HIV-) infected patients is considered a risk of antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure. Coadministration of antitubercular therapy (ATT) with ART is another challenge for TB management.

Objective: The study was aimed at investigating contributing factors affecting treatment outcomes in HIV-/TB-coinfected patients.

Banana bunchy top virus genetic diversity in Pakistan and association of diversity with recombination in its genomes.

Banana Bunchy top virus (BBTV) is a multipartite circular single strand DNA virus that belongs to genus Babuvirus and family Nanoviridae. It causes significant crop losses worldwide and also in Pakistan. BBTV is present in Pakistan since 1988 however, till now only few (about twenty only) sequence of genomic components have been reported from the country.

Systematic analysis of HD-ZIP transcription factors in sesame genome and gene expression profiling of SiHD-ZIP class I entailing drought stress responses at early seedling stage.

Background: Sesame is an ancient oilseed crop, known for its high oil content and quality. Its sensitivity to drought at early seedling stage is one of the limiting factors affecting its world-wide growth and productivity. Among plant specific transcription factors, the association of HD-ZIPs with sesame drought responses at early seedling stage is not well-established yet and is very important to develop our molecular understanding on sesame drought tolerance.

Control of stripe rust of wheat using indigenous endophytic bacteria at seedling and adult plant stage.

Stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis tritici) is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat. The most effective ways to control stripe rust are the use of resistant cultivars and the timely use of an appropriate dose of fungicide. However, the changing nature of rust pathogen outwits the use of resistant cultivars, and the use of a fungicide is associated with environmental problems.

Elucidation of larvicidal potential of metallic and environment friendly food-grade nanostructures against Aedes albopictus.

To combat health challenges associated with mosquito-borne diseases, the larvicidal activity of metallic nanoparticles, food-grade polymeric nano-capsules and insecticides was investigated against larvae of Aedes albopictus as an effective alternate control approach. The Ae. albopictus was identified using sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of COXI, CYTB and ITS2 genes.

Genetic diversity, population structure, and gene flow analysis of lowland bamboo [ (A. Rich.) Munro] in Ethiopia.

Bamboo, a member of subfamily Bambusoideae in the grass family (Poaceae), is one of the most important nontimber forest resources and a potential alternative to wood and wood products. Ethiopian lowland bamboo () is an economically and ecologically important species which accounts about 85% of total bamboo coverage in the country. This species is experiencing population decline due to a number of anthropogenic factors.

Climatic Conditions: Conventional and Nanotechnology-Based Methods for the Control of Vectors Causing Human Health Issues.

Climate variability is highly impacting on -borne diseases causing malaria and dengue fever across the globe. Seasonal variability change in temperature and rainfall patterns are impacting on human health. cause diseases like dengue fever, yellow fever, malaria, Chikungunya, West Nile and Japanese encephalitis.

Salt tolerance in indica rice cell cultures depends on a fine tuning of ROS signalling and homeostasis.

Among cereal crops, salinity tolerance is rare and complex. Multiple genes control numerous pathways, which constitute plant's response to salinity. Cell cultures act as model system and are useful to investigate the salinity response which can possibly mimic a plant's response to stress.

Grapevine red blotch-associated virus is Present in Free-Living Vitis spp. Proximal to Cultivated Grapevines.

Red blotch is an emerging disease of grapevine associated with grapevine red blotch-associated virus (GRBaV). The virus spreads with infected planting stocks but no vector of epidemiological significance has been conclusively identified. A vineyard block of red-blotch-affected Vitis vinifera 'Cabernet franc' clone 214 was observed in California, with a clustering of infected, symptomatic vines focused along one edge of the field proximal to a riparian habitat with free-living Vitis spp.

Molecular diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of human papillomavirus type-16 from suspected patients in Pakistan.

Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is well known pathogen that can cause benign and malignant tumors in humans, yet there is very little information regarding HPV types prevalent in Pakistan.

Methods: A total of 92 cervical secretions were collected from suspected married female patients and used for DNA isolation using a novel isolation method. The samples were tested through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using already reported primers MY09/MY11, GP5/GP6, GP5+/GP6+, CP65/CP70, CP66/CP69 and SPF1/SPF2 and with those developed in this study including HRT1 and HRT2 primer sets for typing HPV types and HACTB primer set for human beta actin gene as internal positive control.

Polio in Pakistan: Social constraints and travel implications.

The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in Pakistan has faced failure despite being implemented successfully. Polio cases were successfully reduced by 99% until 2005. However, thereafter, new polio cases were registered, which continue to rise annually.

Multiplex PCR assay for identification of commonly used disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains.

The success of Agrobacterium mediated plant transformation depends to a certain extent on appropriate selection of the A. tumefaciens strain for a particular plant species. Many stages in a plant transformation procedure are prone to bacterial contamination with similar antibiotic resistance that may compromise the identity of the A.

Evidence of recombination in the Banana bunchy top virus genome.

Viruses serve as good model for evolutionary studies, owing to their short generation times and small genomes. Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is a significant subject being multicomponent circular single stranded DNA virus. BBTV belongs to family Nanoviridae and contains DNA-R, -U3, -S, -M, -C, and -N as integral genomic components.