Pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of methyl 4-hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate 1,1-dioxoide against haloperidol induced Parkinson like symptoms in animal model: In-vitro and in-vivo studies.

In Parkinson's disease (PD), degradation of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra causes striatal deficiency of dopamine, which results in tremors, bradykinesia with instability in posture, rigidity and shuffled gait. Prevalence of PD increases with age as from 65 to 85 years. In an attempt to devise targeted safe therapy, nanoparticles of methyl 4-hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide (MBD) (MBDN), were prepared and their acute toxicity and safety was evaluated.

Performance of two egg parasitoids of brown marmorated stink bug before and after cold storage.

The genus includes a number of egg parasitoids that are known to contribute to the control of . The number of progenies, particularly females, is important for the efficient mass rearing of species used in augmentative biological control programs. Cold storage is an important technique for extending the shelf life of natural enemies used in such programs.

Differences in morphology, mitochondrial genomes, and reproductive compatibility between two clades of parasitic wasps Aphelinus mali (Hymenoptera: Aphelindae) in China.

Aphelinus mali (Haldeman) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in China is comprised of two clades (termed, the Shandong and Liaoning clades). In order to clarify the genetic relationship between these two clades, we compared and analyzed the morphological characteristics and the mitochondrial genome of each, and performed a hybridization experiment. Morphological results showed that both males and females of the Liaoning clade were larger than Shandong clade, in terms of whole body, abdominal, wing and antennal lengths, however, there were no significant differences between clades for total length of the middle or hind leg of females.

Tritrophic Interactions among Arthropod Natural Enemies, Herbivores and Plants Considering Volatile Blends at Different Scale Levels.

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are released by plants upon damaged or disturbance by phytophagous insects. Plants emit HIPV signals not merely in reaction to tissue damage, but also in response to herbivore salivary secretions, oviposition, and excrement. Although certain volatile chemicals are retained in plant tissues and released rapidly upon damaged, others are synthesized de novo in response to herbivore feeding and emitted not only from damaged tissue but also from nearby by undamaged leaves.

Reproductive attributes and functional response of Anastatus japonicus on eggs of Antheraea pernyi, a factitious host.

Background: Anastatus japonicus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) is a solitary egg endoparasitoid that has been studied for inundative biological control of Halyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in China. In this study, we assessed the reproductive attributes and functional response of Anastatus japonicus on a factitious host, Antheraea pernyi (Guérin-Méneville) (Lepidoptera: Anthelidae) at 25 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 5% relative humidity and 16 h:8 h light/dark photoperiod.

Results: The mean lifetime fecundity of Anastatus japonicus females was 404.

Co-delivery of carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitor and doxorubicin as a promising approach to address hypoxia-induced chemoresistance.

Hypoxia, an oxygen-deprived condition of the tumor, is one of the major reasons for resistance to chemotherapy. Carbonic anhydrases are generally involved in pH homeostasis in normal conditions, but in solid tumors having a strong relation with hypoxia, the carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) enzyme is overexpressed and results in an extracellular acidic environment. For most weakly basic anticancer drugs, including doxorubicin (Dox), the ionization in an acidic environment limits their cellular uptake, and consequently, the tumor exposure to the drug at sub-therapeutic concentration comes out as chemoresistance.

Plant Volatiles and Herbivore Induced Plant Volatiles from Chili Pepper Act as Attractant of the Aphid Parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae).

Plants have evolved a number of different chemical defenses, covering nearly all classes of (secondary) metabolites, that represent a major barrier to herbivory: some are constitutive; others are induced after attacks from herbivores (HIPVs) and may elicit the attraction of predators and parasitoids. Here, we studied how the female solitary endoparasitoid responds to plant and host aphid volatiles in a series of experiments on five commercially important vegetables that were either healthy or infested with the aphid : chili pepper, eggplant, crown daisy, Chinese cabbage and cabbage. The results for the olfactory responses of showed that the presence of increased the attraction of the endoparasitoid to the infested plants.

Enhancement of the Solubility and Bioavailability of Pitavastatin through a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS).

The purpose of the study was to develop an SNEDDS to improve the solubility and bioavailability of pitavastatin. The solubility of pitavastatin in different oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants was determined and a pseudo-ternary phase diagram was constructed. The SNEDDS was characterized by zeta-sizer, zeta-potential, FTIR, DSC, and TGA.

Short Neuropeptide F and Its Receptor Regulate Feeding Behavior in Pea Aphid ().

Insect short neuropeptide F (sNPF), an ortholog of prolactin-releasing peptide of invertebrates, regulates diverse biological processes, including feeding, olfaction, locomotion, and sleep homeostasis in insects. However, its function is still unclear in an important model insect and agricultural pest, the pea aphid (). Here, we investigated short neuropeptide F () and its receptor () in .

Effects of Plant-Mediated Differences in Aphid Size on Suitability of Its Parasitoid, Aphelinus varipes (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae).

Host plants indirectly affect parasitoid life-history traits via parasitoid hosts. Here, we evaluated the life-history traits of the parasitoid Aphelinus varipes emerging from the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), feeding on five commercially important vegetables. The results showed that A.

Complete mitochondrial genomes of four species of praying mantises (Dictyoptera, Mantidae) with ribosomal second structure, evolutionary and phylogenetic analyses.

Praying mantises are distributed all over the world. Though some Mantodea mitogenomes have been reported, an evolutionary genomic and phylogenetic analysis study lacks the latest taxonomic system. In the present study, four new mitogenomes were sequenced and annotated.

Ultrasound-Responsive Smart Drug Delivery System of Lipid Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles.

The immediate release of chemotherapeutics at the target site, along with no premature release in circulation is always challenging. The purpose of this study was to develop a stimuli responsive drug delivery system, composed of lipid supported mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) for triggered drug release at the target site and simultaneously avoiding the premature release. MSNPs with a higher drug loading capacity and very slow release were designed so as to enhance release by FDA approved US-irradiation.

CCHamide2-receptor regulates feeding behavior in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum.

Neuropeptide CCHamide-2 is a recently discovered peptide presents in many arthropods and it is the ligand of the CCHamide-2 receptor (CCHa2-R), which is playing a regulatory role in diverse physiological processes, such as feeding, insulin production, lipid metabolism, growth and reproduction, however, the function of this gene in aphids is still unknown. Here, we characterized and determined the presumed role of CCHa2-R signaling in the wingless pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed the expression levels of CCHa2-R transcripts in different development stages and different tissues, which indicates that the CCHa2-R expression was high in the first instar as compared to the upcoming nymphal instars and adult and was predominantly high in the brain.

Enhanced efficacy and drug delivery with lipid coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles in cancer therapy.

The exposure of cancer cells to subtherapeutic drug concentrations results in multidrug resistance (MDR). The uniqueness of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) with larger surface area for higher drug loading can solve the issue by delivering higher amounts of chemotherapeutics to the cancer cells. However, premature drug release and lower biocompatibility remain challenging.

Host-Plant Variations Affect the Biotic Potential, Survival, and Population Projection of (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

The green peach aphid, Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a polyphagous insect pest is a major threat to a wide range of crops worldwide. Aiming to evaluate the life history traits of , feeding on different host plants, we used five vegetables: cabbage, (Brassicaceae); chinese cabbage, (Brassicaceae); chili pepper, (Solanaceae); crown daisy, (Asteraceae); and eggplant, (Solanaceae). TWOSEX-MSchart software was used for the statistical analysis about the age-stage, two-sex life table theory.

Lipoparticles for Synergistic Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy to Ovarian Carcinoma Cells: In vitro and in vivo Assessments.

Purpose: Lipoparticles are the core-shell type lipid-polymer hybrid systems comprising polymeric nanoparticle core enveloped by single or multiple pegylated lipid layers (shell), thereby melding the biomimetic properties of long-circulating vesicles as well as the mechanical advantages of the nanoparticles. The present study was aimed at the development of such an integrated system, combining the photodynamic and chemotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of multidrug-resistant cancers.

Methods: For this rationale, two different sized Pirarubicin (THP) loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation technique, whereas liposomes containing Temoporfin (mTHPC) were prepared by lipid film hydration method.

Is Poppius a Promising Biological Control Agent for Walnut Aphids? An Assessment from the Laboratory to Field.

Walnut aphids are major pests of walnut production with few commercially available natural enemies. We conducted laboratory and field experiments to evaluate the potential of Poppius (Anthocoridae), a predatory bug, as a biological control agent against two walnut aphid species: the dusky-veined aphid ( Goeze) and the walnut aphid ( Kaltenbach). Both species co-occur on walnut trees; is distributed on the upper surface (adaxial) of leaves while is found on the lower surface (abaxial) of leaves.

Lipodendriplexes mediated enhanced gene delivery: a cellular to pre-clinical investigation.

Clinical success of effective gene therapy is mainly hampered by the insufficiency of safe and efficient internalization of a transgene to the targeted cellular site. Therefore, the development of a safe and efficient nanocarrier system is one of the fundamental challenges to transfer the therapeutic genes to the diseased cells. Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer has been used as an efficient non-viral gene vector (dendriplexes) but the toxicity and unusual biodistribution induced by the terminal amino groups (-NH) limit its in vivo applications.

Downregulation of MDR 1 gene contributes to tyrosine kinase inhibitor induce apoptosis and reduction in tumor metastasis: A gravity to space investigation.

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) associated multidrug resistance (MDR) represents a major failure in cancer treatment. The overexpression of P-gp is responsible for ATP-dependent efflux of drugs that decrease their intracellular accumulation. An effective downregulation of MDR1 gene using small interfering RNA (siRNA) is one of the safe and effective tools to overcome the P-gp triggered MDR.

Wavelength dependent photo-cytotoxicity to ovarian carcinoma cells using temoporfin loaded tetraether liposomes as efficient drug delivery system.

5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(3-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC; temoporfin) is one of the most potent second-generation photosensitizers available today for the treatment of a variety of clinical disorders and has a unique capability of being activated at different wavelengths. However, due to its highly lipophilic nature, poor solubility in the aqueous media and poor bioavailability limits its application in anticancer therapies. To overcome these potential issues, we developed three different liposomal formulations with mTHPC encapsulated in hydrophobic milieu thus increasing the bioavailability of the drug.

Targeted ErbB3 cancer therapy: A synergistic approach to effectively combat cancer.

Surface modification of nanoparticles with aptamer is gaining popularity lately due to its selective targeting and low immunogenicity. In this study, sorafenib tosylate (SFB) was loaded in biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles prepared by solvent evaporation method. The surfaces of drug deprived and drug-loaded particles (PN and PNS, respectively) were coupled with aptamer to target ErbB3 using EDC/NHS chemical modification.

Selective anti-ErbB3 aptamer modified sorafenib microparticles: In vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment.

The delivery of aptamer modified therapeutic moieties to specific tissue sites has become one of the major therapeutic choices to reduce the toxicity of inhibitory drugs. Bearing this in mind, the current study was designed using sorafenib (SFB) encapsulated microparticles (MP) prepared with biodegradable poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymer. The surfaces of these microparticles were modified with RNA aptamer having a binding affinity towards ErbB3 receptors.

Lipodendriplexes: A promising nanocarrier for enhanced gene delivery with minimal cytotoxicity.

Non-viral vectors are a safe, efficient and non-toxic alternative to viral vectors for gene therapy against many diseases ranging from genetic disorders to cancers. Polyamidoamine (PAMAM), a positively charged dendrimer has a tendency to complex with nucleic acids (to form dendriplexes) like plasmid DNA (pDNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) and can shield them from enzymatic degradation, thereby facilitating endocytosis and endosomal release. In this study, we developed an advanced variant of the dendriplexes by encapsulating them within liposomes to enhance their gene delivery efficiency.