Assessing the lethal effects of pesticide residue exposure on beneficial parasitoids and their host, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).

Chemical control is currently the main strategy for managing brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål). However, chemical pesticides can harm nontarget species, including natural enemies of H. halys.

Evaluating the Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness of Plasmapheresis and Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Acute Guillain-Barre Syndrome Management in Emergency Departments.

Background: Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is a severe autoimmune neuropathy that has to be treated quickly and efficiently in emergency situations, when both cost and effectiveness are vital.

Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in managing acute GBS in emergency departments.

Methodology: A prospective observational study conducted from January to December 2023 evaluated the treatment of adults with acute GBS using IVIG or plasmapheresis.

Takayasu's Arteritis: An Uncommon Cause of Hemorrhagic Stroke in Young Individuals.

The aorta is particularly damaged by Takayasu's arteritis (TA), a rare form of vasculitis. Chest discomfort, exhaustion, fever, elevated blood pressure, heart failure, and stroke can all result from this. Major intimal fibrosis with vascular constriction is the disease's hallmark; although anybody can have it, Asian females in their 20s or 30s seem to be most typically affected.

Pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of methyl 4-hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate 1,1-dioxoide against haloperidol induced Parkinson like symptoms in animal model: In-vitro and in-vivo studies.

In Parkinson's disease (PD), degradation of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra causes striatal deficiency of dopamine, which results in tremors, bradykinesia with instability in posture, rigidity and shuffled gait. Prevalence of PD increases with age as from 65 to 85 years. In an attempt to devise targeted safe therapy, nanoparticles of methyl 4-hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide (MBD) (MBDN), were prepared and their acute toxicity and safety was evaluated.

Estimating peak breeding season, size at first maturity and variation in fecundity and egg-size at different sizes of Hilsa ().

Hilsa shad, , has recently gained momentum due to its taste, nutrition and demand. Imposing ban at peak breeding and setting up a minimum capture size are two of the most effective tools for conservation and management of any fish species. Although, Bangladesh government has been imposing ban on a particular time and set the minimum legal size, there is still contradictory information on these two issues.

Differences in morphology, mitochondrial genomes, and reproductive compatibility between two clades of parasitic wasps Aphelinus mali (Hymenoptera: Aphelindae) in China.

Aphelinus mali (Haldeman) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in China is comprised of two clades (termed, the Shandong and Liaoning clades). In order to clarify the genetic relationship between these two clades, we compared and analyzed the morphological characteristics and the mitochondrial genome of each, and performed a hybridization experiment. Morphological results showed that both males and females of the Liaoning clade were larger than Shandong clade, in terms of whole body, abdominal, wing and antennal lengths, however, there were no significant differences between clades for total length of the middle or hind leg of females.

Tritrophic Interactions among Arthropod Natural Enemies, Herbivores and Plants Considering Volatile Blends at Different Scale Levels.

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are released by plants upon damaged or disturbance by phytophagous insects. Plants emit HIPV signals not merely in reaction to tissue damage, but also in response to herbivore salivary secretions, oviposition, and excrement. Although certain volatile chemicals are retained in plant tissues and released rapidly upon damaged, others are synthesized de novo in response to herbivore feeding and emitted not only from damaged tissue but also from nearby by undamaged leaves.

Vertebral augmentation in osteoporotic spine fractures: WFNS Spine Committee recommendations.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to formulate the WFNS Spine Committee guidelines on indications, outcomes, and complications of vertebral augmentation in osteoporotic spine fractures.

Evidence Acquisition: Computerized literature was searched from 2010 to 2021 using keywords "vertebral augmentation," "osteoporotic fracture," "technique," "surgery," "complication," and "outcome." PubMed yielded 92 articles whereas Google scholar resulted in 120 articles.

Reproductive attributes and functional response of Anastatus japonicus on eggs of Antheraea pernyi, a factitious host.

Background: Anastatus japonicus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) is a solitary egg endoparasitoid that has been studied for inundative biological control of Halyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in China. In this study, we assessed the reproductive attributes and functional response of Anastatus japonicus on a factitious host, Antheraea pernyi (Guérin-Méneville) (Lepidoptera: Anthelidae) at 25 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 5% relative humidity and 16 h:8 h light/dark photoperiod.

Results: The mean lifetime fecundity of Anastatus japonicus females was 404.

Co-delivery of carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitor and doxorubicin as a promising approach to address hypoxia-induced chemoresistance.

Hypoxia, an oxygen-deprived condition of the tumor, is one of the major reasons for resistance to chemotherapy. Carbonic anhydrases are generally involved in pH homeostasis in normal conditions, but in solid tumors having a strong relation with hypoxia, the carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) enzyme is overexpressed and results in an extracellular acidic environment. For most weakly basic anticancer drugs, including doxorubicin (Dox), the ionization in an acidic environment limits their cellular uptake, and consequently, the tumor exposure to the drug at sub-therapeutic concentration comes out as chemoresistance.

Plant Volatiles and Herbivore Induced Plant Volatiles from Chili Pepper Act as Attractant of the Aphid Parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae).

Plants have evolved a number of different chemical defenses, covering nearly all classes of (secondary) metabolites, that represent a major barrier to herbivory: some are constitutive; others are induced after attacks from herbivores (HIPVs) and may elicit the attraction of predators and parasitoids. Here, we studied how the female solitary endoparasitoid responds to plant and host aphid volatiles in a series of experiments on five commercially important vegetables that were either healthy or infested with the aphid : chili pepper, eggplant, crown daisy, Chinese cabbage and cabbage. The results for the olfactory responses of showed that the presence of increased the attraction of the endoparasitoid to the infested plants.

Enhancement of the Solubility and Bioavailability of Pitavastatin through a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS).

The purpose of the study was to develop an SNEDDS to improve the solubility and bioavailability of pitavastatin. The solubility of pitavastatin in different oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants was determined and a pseudo-ternary phase diagram was constructed. The SNEDDS was characterized by zeta-sizer, zeta-potential, FTIR, DSC, and TGA.

Short Neuropeptide F and Its Receptor Regulate Feeding Behavior in Pea Aphid ().

Insect short neuropeptide F (sNPF), an ortholog of prolactin-releasing peptide of invertebrates, regulates diverse biological processes, including feeding, olfaction, locomotion, and sleep homeostasis in insects. However, its function is still unclear in an important model insect and agricultural pest, the pea aphid (). Here, we investigated short neuropeptide F () and its receptor () in .

Reconciling differences pertaining to the origin of SARS-CoV-2.

Background: At the time of this writing, SARS-CoV-2 has reportedly claimed the lives of millions of people worldwide. However, there is still disagreement concerning the origin of SARS-CoV-2, its true nature, and the extent of its pathogenicity. Thus, the purpose of this manuscript is to highlight and critically analyze these differences so that research efforts can be geared toward addressing these concerns.

Diet impacts on the biological aspects of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under controlled laboratory conditions.

Background: Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a native pest of Asia and preferably invasion on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop as a commendatory host plant. Commercially, G.

Complete mitochondrial genomes of four species of praying mantises (Dictyoptera, Mantidae) with ribosomal second structure, evolutionary and phylogenetic analyses.

Praying mantises are distributed all over the world. Though some Mantodea mitogenomes have been reported, an evolutionary genomic and phylogenetic analysis study lacks the latest taxonomic system. In the present study, four new mitogenomes were sequenced and annotated.

Ultrasound-Responsive Smart Drug Delivery System of Lipid Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles.

The immediate release of chemotherapeutics at the target site, along with no premature release in circulation is always challenging. The purpose of this study was to develop a stimuli responsive drug delivery system, composed of lipid supported mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) for triggered drug release at the target site and simultaneously avoiding the premature release. MSNPs with a higher drug loading capacity and very slow release were designed so as to enhance release by FDA approved US-irradiation.

Comparative growth and morphometric assessment between cultures of wild and hatchery-produced mud crabs.

This paper reports the comparative growth, nutritional performance, and morphometric variation between wild and hatchery-reared juvenile mud crabs ( in earthen ponds. The crabs were fed daily with boiled tilapia paste at a feeding rate of 5-8% body weight for the first two weeks, followed by feeding with chopped eviscerated tilapia until termination of the experiment. Selected phenotypic trains, including carapace width (CW), carapace length (CL) and abdominal width (AW), were measured weekly.

New promising high yielding cotton Bt-Variety RH-647 adapted for specific agro-climatic zone.

The Bt-cotton RH-647 was developed by Cotton Research Institute CRI, Khanpur has been acknowledged for its possesses superior plant characteristics and potential to yield out under harsh agro-climatic conditions of cotton productive district of Rahimyar Khan in Bahawalpur Division and southern Punjab in 2016. RH- 647 for its novel plant structure and improved fiber quality heat and drought tolerant to withstand successfully sustain yield out in harsh, highly variable hot and dry climatic conditions of and harsh seasoned. RH-647 was developed through one-way hybridization of elite parental genotypes accompanied by pedigree selection method through gene pyramiding technique for incorporation of excellent combinations of fiber traits and CLCuV disease tolerance with higher yield potential right from F1 population.

CCHamide2-receptor regulates feeding behavior in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum.

Neuropeptide CCHamide-2 is a recently discovered peptide presents in many arthropods and it is the ligand of the CCHamide-2 receptor (CCHa2-R), which is playing a regulatory role in diverse physiological processes, such as feeding, insulin production, lipid metabolism, growth and reproduction, however, the function of this gene in aphids is still unknown. Here, we characterized and determined the presumed role of CCHa2-R signaling in the wingless pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed the expression levels of CCHa2-R transcripts in different development stages and different tissues, which indicates that the CCHa2-R expression was high in the first instar as compared to the upcoming nymphal instars and adult and was predominantly high in the brain.

Enhanced efficacy and drug delivery with lipid coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles in cancer therapy.

The exposure of cancer cells to subtherapeutic drug concentrations results in multidrug resistance (MDR). The uniqueness of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) with larger surface area for higher drug loading can solve the issue by delivering higher amounts of chemotherapeutics to the cancer cells. However, premature drug release and lower biocompatibility remain challenging.

Host-Plant Variations Affect the Biotic Potential, Survival, and Population Projection of (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

The green peach aphid, Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a polyphagous insect pest is a major threat to a wide range of crops worldwide. Aiming to evaluate the life history traits of , feeding on different host plants, we used five vegetables: cabbage, (Brassicaceae); chinese cabbage, (Brassicaceae); chili pepper, (Solanaceae); crown daisy, (Asteraceae); and eggplant, (Solanaceae). TWOSEX-MSchart software was used for the statistical analysis about the age-stage, two-sex life table theory.

Lipoparticles for Synergistic Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy to Ovarian Carcinoma Cells: In vitro and in vivo Assessments.

Purpose: Lipoparticles are the core-shell type lipid-polymer hybrid systems comprising polymeric nanoparticle core enveloped by single or multiple pegylated lipid layers (shell), thereby melding the biomimetic properties of long-circulating vesicles as well as the mechanical advantages of the nanoparticles. The present study was aimed at the development of such an integrated system, combining the photodynamic and chemotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of multidrug-resistant cancers.

Methods: For this rationale, two different sized Pirarubicin (THP) loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation technique, whereas liposomes containing Temoporfin (mTHPC) were prepared by lipid film hydration method.

Lipodendriplexes mediated enhanced gene delivery: a cellular to pre-clinical investigation.

Clinical success of effective gene therapy is mainly hampered by the insufficiency of safe and efficient internalization of a transgene to the targeted cellular site. Therefore, the development of a safe and efficient nanocarrier system is one of the fundamental challenges to transfer the therapeutic genes to the diseased cells. Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer has been used as an efficient non-viral gene vector (dendriplexes) but the toxicity and unusual biodistribution induced by the terminal amino groups (-NH) limit its in vivo applications.

Downregulation of MDR 1 gene contributes to tyrosine kinase inhibitor induce apoptosis and reduction in tumor metastasis: A gravity to space investigation.

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) associated multidrug resistance (MDR) represents a major failure in cancer treatment. The overexpression of P-gp is responsible for ATP-dependent efflux of drugs that decrease their intracellular accumulation. An effective downregulation of MDR1 gene using small interfering RNA (siRNA) is one of the safe and effective tools to overcome the P-gp triggered MDR.