Molecular evolution, virology and spatial distribution of HCV genotypes in Pakistan: A meta-analysis.

Background: Hepatitis C, caused by the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), is the second most common form of viral hepatitis. The geographical distribution of HCV genotypes can be quite complex, making it challenging to ascertain the most prevalent genotype in a specific area.

Methods: To address this, a review was conducted to determine the prevalence of HCV genotypes across various provinces and as a whole in Pakistan.

Vaccine Adjuvants: Selection Criteria, Mechanism of Action Associated with Immune Responses and Future Directions.

The most effective method to minimize the prevalence of infectious diseases is vaccination. Vaccines enhance immunity and provide protection against different kinds of infections. Subunit vaccines are safe and less toxic, but due to their lower immunogenicity, they need adjuvants to boost the immune system.