Facile Synthesis of -(4-Bromo-3-methylphenyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide Derivatives, Their Antibacterial Activities against Clinically Isolated XDR , Alkaline Phosphatase Inhibitor Activities, and Docking Studies.

The emergence of extensively drug-resistant Typhi (XDR-) poses a grave public health threat due to its resistance to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins. This resistance significantly complicates treatment options, underscoring the urgent need for new therapeutic strategies. In this study, we synthesized pyrazine carboxamides (-) in good yields through the Suzuki reaction.

Exploring the antimicrobial efficacy of Manuka honey against multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Typhi causing septicemia in Pakistan.

To determine the efficacy of manuka honey against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) clinical strains of Typhi. Clinical isolates were processed using the Bactec blood culture system, identification and antibiogram by Vitek 2 and antibiotic resistance genes through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Microbroth dilution assays evaluated the antibacterial activity of manuka honey.

Facile Synthesis of 5-Bromo--Alkylthiophene-2-Sulfonamides and Its Activities Against Clinically Isolated New Delhi Metallo--Lactamase Producing ST147.

Introduction: New Delhi Metallo--lactamase producing (NDM-1-KP) sequence type (ST) 147 poses a significant threat in clinical settings due to its evolution into two distinct directions: hypervirulence and carbapenem resistance. Hypervirulence results from a range of virulence factors, while carbapenem resistance stems from complex biological mechanisms. The NDM-1-KP ST147 clone has emerged as a recent addition to the family of successful clones within the species.

Synthesis of 2-Ethylhexyl 5-Bromothiophene-2-Carboxylates; Antibacterial Activities against Typhi, Validation via Docking Studies, Pharmacokinetics, and Structural Features Determination through DFT.

A new class of thiophene-based molecules of 5-bromothiophene-2-carboxylic acid () have been synthesized in current research work. All analogs - were synthesized with optimized conditions by coupling reactions of 2-ethylhexyl 5-bromothiophene-2-carboxylate () with various arylboronic acids. The results indicated that the majority of compounds showed promising effective in vitro antibacterial activity.

Apolipoprotein E Gene Variation in Pakistani Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes with and without Cardiovascular Complications.

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health concern worldwide, including in Pakistan. Cardiovascular problems linked with T2DM have a significant impact on individuals and society.

The Rising Tide of Antibiotic Resistance: A Study on Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase and Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Background: The global spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) poses a significant concern. Acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes leads to resistance against several antibiotics, limiting treatment options. We aimed to study ESBL-producing and CRE transmission in clinical settings.

-Heterocycles as Promising Antiviral Agents: A Comprehensive Overview.

Viruses are a real threat to every organism at any stage of life leading to extensive infections and casualties. -heterocycles can affect the viral life cycle at many points, including viral entrance into host cells, viral genome replication, and the production of novel viral species. Certain -heterocycles can also stimulate the host's immune system, producing antiviral cytokines and chemokines that can stop the reproduction of viruses.

Anti-ulcerative colitis effects of chemically characterized extracts from C in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory bowel disease that involves inflammation and ulcers of the colon and rectum. To date, no definite cure for this disease is available. The objective of the current study was to assess the effect of on inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress markers for the exploration of its anti-ulcerative colitis activity in rat models of acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis.

Detection of high-risk human papillomavirus infected cervical biopsies samples by immunohistochemical expression of the p16 tumor marker.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer in women worldwide. It is widely accepted that the main cause of cervical cancer, especially in underdeveloped countries like Pakistan, is the infection caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). The current screening and diagnostic methods face several challenges in accurately detecting the various types of lesions caused by HPV.

Tackling antimicrobial resistance in primary care facilities across Pakistan: Current challenges and implications for the future.

Antibiotics are gradually becoming less effective against bacteria worldwide, and this issue is of particular concern in economically-developing nations like Pakistan. We undertook a scoping review in order to review the literature on antimicrobial use, prescribing, dispensing and the challenges associated with antimicrobial resistance in primary care (PC) settings in Pakistan. Furthermore, this review aims to identify potential solutions to promote appropriate use of antimicrobials in Pakistan.

Antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical characteristics of multidrug-resistant polymicrobial infections in Pakistan, a retrospective study 2019-2021.

We determined the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in polymicrobial pathogens in Pakistan. A total of 70,518 clinical samples were collected aseptically and confirmation of isolates and antibiogram were performed by the VITEK 2 system. Of 70,518 samples, 441 (0.

Outbreak investigation of NDM-producing causing neonatal sepsis in Pakistan.

To investigate the outbreak of complex (BCC), mortality, antimicrobial resistance and associated risk factors in the neonatal intensive care unit. Eighteen blood culture samples from neonates and twenty swab samples from different neonatal intensive care unit surfaces were collected. The VITEK 2 was used to confirm the isolates and generate the antibiogram.

Co-existence of NDM-, aminoglycoside- and fluoroquinolone-resistant genes in carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates from Pakistan.

To determine the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant genes in carbapenem-resistant (CRECO). A total of 290 carbapenem-resistant bacteria were collected from tertiary care hospitals in Lahore (Pakistan). These isolates were confirmed by VITEK 2 and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight.

Synthesis, Anti-Bacterial and Molecular Docking Studies of Arylated Butyl 2-Bromoisonicotinate Against Clinical Isolates of ESBL-Producing ST405 and Methicillin-Resistant .

Introduction: Global public health concerns include the emergence and spread of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL-). These pathogens cause infections that are difficult to treat, which can have fatal outcomes and require lengthy hospital stays. As a result, we created butyl 2-bromoisonicotinate and tested its antibacterial effectiveness against the ESBL- ST 405 and MRSA pathogens.

Antibiotic Susceptibility Surveillance in the Punjab Province of Pakistan: Findings and Implications.

: The increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across countries has seriously impacted the effective management of infectious diseases, with subsequent impact on morbidity, mortality and costs. This includes Pakistan. Antimicrobial surveillance activities should be mandatory to continually assess the extent of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the implications for future empiric prescribing.

Antibiotic Utilization Patterns for Different Wound Types among Surgical Patients: Findings and Implications.

Antimicrobial prophylaxis is effective in reducing the rate of surgical site infections (SSIs) post-operatively. However, there are concerns with the extent of prophylaxis post-operatively, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This increases antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is a key issue in Pakistan.

Antibacterial Efficacy of -(4-methylpyridin-2-yl) Thiophene-2-Carboxamide Analogues against Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase Producing Clinical Strain of ST 131.

Development in the fields of natural-product-derived and synthetic small molecules is in stark contrast to the ongoing demand for novel antimicrobials to treat life-threatening infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing (ESBL ). Therefore, there is an interest in the antibacterial activities of synthesized -(4-methylpyridin-2-yl) thiophene-2-carboxamides (-) against ESBL-producing ST131 strains. A blood sample was obtained from a suspected septicemia patient and processed in the Bactec Alert system.

Antibacterial efficacy of indigenous Pakistani honey against extensively drug-resistant clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi: an alternative option to combat antimicrobial resistance.

Background: Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) poses a grave threat to public health due to increased mortality and morbidity caused by typhoid fever. Honey is a promising antibacterial agent, and we aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of honey against XDR S.

Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, Antimicrobial Resistance Genes, and Antibiotic Residue in Food from Animal Sources: One Health Food Safety Concern.

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing foodborne serious illnesses can be found in contaminated food. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the pathogens, genes, and antimicrobial residues present in raw milk and meat. We collected 40 raw milk and 40 beef samples using the aseptic method from various parts of the Faisalabad metropolis, Pakistan.

The Molecular Detection of Class B and Class D Carbapenemases in Clinical Strains of Complex: The High Burden of Antibiotic Resistance and the Co-Existence of Carbapenemase Genes.

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant - complex (CRACB) in clinical environments is a significant global concern. These critical pathogens have shown resistance to a broad spectrum of antibacterial drugs, including carbapenems, mostly due to the acquisition of various β-lactamase genes. Clinical samples (n = 1985) were collected aseptically from multiple sources and grown on blood and MacConkey agar.

Synthesis of Functionalized -(4-Bromophenyl)furan-2-carboxamides via Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling: Anti-Bacterial Activities against Clinically Isolated Drug Resistant , , and MRSA and Its Validation via a Computational Approach.

-(4-bromophenyl)furan-2-carboxamide () was synthesized by the reaction furan-2-carbonyl chloride () and 4-bromoaniline () in the presence of EtN in excellent yields of 94%. The carboxamide () was arylated by employing triphenylphosphine palladium as a catalyst and KPO as a base to afford -(4-bromophenyl)furan-2-carboxamide analogues () in moderate to good yields (43-83%). Furthermore, we investigated the in vitro anti-bacterial activities of the respective compounds against clinically isolated drug-resistant bacteria , , and .