Publications by authors named "Muhammad U Rashid"

Objective: This study aims to identify miRNA-mediated regulation of the cell cycle in oral tongue cancer.

Methods: Comprehensive computational analysis was performed on the GEO dataset "GSE168227". DIANA Tool-mir path v.

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Background: Oral cancer (OC) is a significant global health concern, with Pakistan ranking 5th worldwide in OC incidence. Given the poor prognosis, early detection of at-risk individuals is crucial. Genetic factors, particularly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in metabolic genes, may influence OC susceptibility.

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Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common malignancy in the UK and represents a high-volume diagnostic and clinical burden on the National Health Service (NHS). To maximise the use of limited diagnostic resources and increase efficiency, the colorectal services at University Hospitals North Midlands Trust (UHNM) developed the triage-to-test (TTT) service with risk stratification for diagnostic testing in patients with suspected colorectal cancer using faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) result. Our retrospective cohort study looked at the pick-up rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) and non-colorectal cancer (non-CRC) in FIT-negative patients.

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Background The aim was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of quantitative faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) in diagnosing colorectal cancer in symptomatic patients and using it to prioritize patients for urgent colorectal investigations. Methods A retrospective review was done of all symptomatic, FIT-positive patients referred from primary care to the colorectal clinic as per the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) DG30 pathway from November 1, 2021, to February 11, 2022. Patients under 18 years of age were excluded.

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Article Synopsis
  • Clinical genetic testing helps find cancer risks by identifying gene changes, but some of these changes are confusing because we don't know what they mean (called VUS).
  • Researchers studied a huge number of breast cancer patients and healthy people to understand these confusing gene changes better.
  • They found that their method of analyzing data closely matches what other experts say about which gene changes are harmless or harmful, giving more information about 785 unclear changes.
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QSPR mathematically links physicochemical properties with the structure of a molecule. The physicochemical properties of chemical molecules can be predicted using topological indices. It is an effective method for eliminating costly and time-consuming laboratory tests.

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Introduction: has been reported as a breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) predisposition gene, particularly among Caucasian populations. We studied the prevalence of variants in Pakistani BC/OC patients.

Materials And Methods: In total, 371 young or familial BC/OC patients were thoroughly analyzed for sequence variants using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography pursued by DNA sequencing of differentially eluted amplicons.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Analysis of data from over 55,000 breast cancer patients showed that co-observation of variants in BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 with other breast cancer genes occurred less frequently than expected, suggesting a potential correlation with pathogenicity.
  • * The findings indicate that identifying a variant of uncertain significance alongside a known pathogenic variant supports evidence against the variant's pathogenicity, which could improve variant classification in clinical settings and for other genetic conditions.
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Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most prevalent subgroup of neuroepithelial tumors, is characterized by dismal overall survival (OS). Several studies have linked O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation to OS in GBM patients. However, MGMT methylation frequencies vary geographically and across ethnicities, with limited data for South Asian populations, including Pakistan.

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Background: Nineteen genomic regions have been associated with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). We used data from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC), Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of (CIMBA), UK Biobank (UKBB), and FinnGen to identify novel HGSOC susceptibility loci and develop polygenic scores (PGS).

Methods: We analyzed >22 million variants for 398,238 women.

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The 313-variant polygenic risk score (PRS) provides a promising tool for breast cancer risk prediction. However, evaluation of the PRS across different European populations which could influence risk estimation has not been performed. Here, we explored the distribution of PRS across European populations using genotype data from 94,072 females without breast cancer, of European-ancestry from 21 countries participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) and 225,105 female participants from the UK Biobank.

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Background: BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) are the most frequently investigated genes among Caucasian pancreatic cancer patients, whereas limited reports are available among Asians. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of BRCA1/2 germline variants in Pakistani pancreatic cancer patients.

Methods: One hundred and fifty unselected and prospectively enrolled pancreatic cancer patients were comprehensively screened for BRCA1/2 germline variants using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution melting analyses, followed by DNA sequencing of the variant fragments.

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TGF-β1 is a potent immunoregulatory cytokine that plays diverse roles in development, bone healing, fibrosis, and cancer. However, characterizing gene variants is challenging because the structural and functional consequences of these variants are still undetermined. In this study, we aimed to perform an analysis of non-synonymous variants and their pathogenic effects on the TGF-β1 protein.

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Background Subtotal cholecystectomy (STC) has been reported as an effective method to remove the gallbladder if the hepatocystic triangle anatomy is unfavourable. However, the evidence regarding its long-term outcomes from the United Kingdom (UK) is lacking. This study aimed to assess its short and long-term outcomes with a minimum of one-year follow-up.

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Importance: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.

Observations: The global challenges GI cancers pose are high, especially in middle- and low-income countries. Patients with these cancers present with symptoms of poor appetite, weight loss, heartburn, abdominal pain, fatigue and anaemia.

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Purpose: Constitutional BRCA1 promoter methylation has been identified as a potential risk factor for breast cancer (BC) in the Caucasian population. However, this data is lacking for BC patients of Asian origin. Therefore, we assessed the contribution of constitutional BRCA1 promoter methylation in Pakistani BC patients.

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Article Synopsis
  • * The study revealed significant variation in the prevalence of four common PTVs across different regions in Europe, with p.Gln1701* being most common in Northern Europe and p.Gly1906Alafs*12 most common in Southern Europe.
  • * Findings suggest that the distribution of rare PTVs is more heterogeneous in Southwestern and Central Europe compared to Northeastern Europe, which will aid in crafting targeted genetic testing for breast cancer in specific European populations.
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  • Breast cancer patients with the CHEK2 c.1100delC variant have a heightened risk of developing a second breast cancer (contralateral breast cancer) and generally experience worse survival outcomes compared to those without the variant.
  • A study involving over 82,000 women aimed to evaluate how the CHEK2 variant, radiotherapy, and systemic treatments affect the risk of contralateral breast cancer and breast cancer-specific survival.
  • Findings indicated that while systemic therapy (especially the combination of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy) lowers the risk of contralateral breast cancer, CHEK2 c.1100delC carriers still faced poorer survival rates, suggesting other factors at play beyond the risk of developing a second cancer.*
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Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a serious public health emergency of global concern. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) peptidase domain is important for the cellular entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Germline variants in ACE2 peptidase domain may influence the susceptibility for SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity in the host population.

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Breast cancer (BC) patients with a germline c.1100delC variant have an increased risk of contralateral BC (CBC) and worse BC-specific survival (BCSS) compared to non-carriers. We aimed to assess the associations of c.

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Evidence from literature, including the BRIDGES study, indicates that germline protein truncating variants (PTVs) in FANCM confer moderately increased risk of ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), especially for women with a family history of the disease. Association between FANCM missense variants (MVs) and breast cancer risk has been postulated. In this study, we further used the BRIDGES study to test 689 FANCM MVs for association with breast cancer risk, overall and in ER-negative and TNBC subtypes, in 39,885 cases (7566 selected for family history) and 35,271 controls of European ancestry.

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Background: Low-frequency variants play an important role in breast cancer (BC) susceptibility. Gene-based methods can increase power by combining multiple variants in the same gene and help identify target genes.

Methods: We evaluated the potential of gene-based aggregation in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium cohorts including 83,471 cases and 59,199 controls.

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Article Synopsis
  • Many variants found in disease susceptibility genes are classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUS), making their interpretation critical for clinical decisions.
  • This study introduces a new likelihood ratio-based method that takes into account gene-specific age-related penetrance to better analyze the pathogenicity of these variants.
  • The method outperformed traditional approaches in simulated and real datasets, allowing for clearer classifications of variants as pathogenic or non-pathogenic for conditions like breast cancer, and includes user-friendly tools for researchers.
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Background: Partner and localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2) is a pancreatic cancer (PC) susceptibility gene reported in Caucasians. However, limited data are available among Asians. We investigated the contribution of PALB2 germline variants to Pakistani PC patients.

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The Fanconi anemia complementation group M (FANCM) gene is a potential candidate for breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility in European populations. Here, we examined the contribution of FANCM germline variants to hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer in Pakistan. Comprehensive FANCM variant screening was performed in 201 BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) negative Pakistani patients with and without triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and/or ovarian cancer, using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography analysis (DHPLC) followed by DNA sequencing.

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