Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in rock pigeons (Columba livia) in Punjab, Pakistan.

Rock pigeons are synanthropic birds and live in close association within human settlements. Synanthropic birds are considered potential carriers of diseases and pose a subsequent risk of their transmission to humans. Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii are intracellular protozoans infecting a wide range of hosts, as well as birds.

The interactions of flaviviruses with cellular receptors: Implications for virus entry.

Flaviviruses are a group of enveloped viruses that enter the host cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis. The entry of flaviviruses into the cells is a multi-step process which involves several host factors that trigger the uptake of the virus. The initial step in the virus life cycle is the interactions between viral envelope proteins and the specific receptors on the surface of host cell.

Endoscopy Capsule Retention in a Young Female with Small Bowel Strictures Secondary to Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause small bowel damage, which could present in different ways, including abdominal pain and occult gastrointestinal bleeding. NSAID use can also result in small bowel strictures, which can be challenging to diagnose and manage. Here, we describe a case of a 49-year-old female who presented with chronic anaemia and intermittent abdominal pain, with a history of NSAID use.

Genetic Diversity of Canine Species Prevalent in Pet Dogs of Punjab, Pakistan.

Canine babesiosis is a serious threat to dogs' health worldwide, caused by the intra-erythrocytic species. The present study was carried out in pet dogs presented at three clinics of Lahore and one of Narowal in Punjab, Pakistan. Two hundred blood samples (50 from each clinic) were collected and screened by microscopy for spp.