Development of low-cost and high-efficiency solar modules based on perovskite solar cells for large-scale applications.

Solar energy has emerged as a viable and competitive renewable resource due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. To meet the global energy demands, there is a growing need for efficient devices with unique compositions. In this study, we designed and analyzed a perovskite solar cell (PSC) incorporating methylammonium tin iodide (CHNHSnI) as the active optical absorber material, tin iodide (SnO) as the electron transport layer (ETL), and copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) as the hole transport layer (HTL) using SCAPS-1D software for numerical investigations.

Improvised Laparostomy Pack to Manage Laparostomy for Injuries due to Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs).

Splinters of improvised explosive devices [IEDs] cause multiple intestinal perforations and random pattern visceral injuries causing contamination of peritoneal cavity. This necessitates multiple peritoneal toilets and relook surgeries. Surgical management is to perform laparostomy to avoid life threatening complication, like abdominal compartment syndrome and fulminant sepsis.

Preserving lung after traumatic transection of left lower lobe bronchus from bullet injury.

A 22-year-old soldier was shot in the left chest by a bullet from close range. He was found to have a left haemothorax and remained shocked despite aggressive resuscitation. Due to difficult terrain and night time movement restrictions, there were limitations to the transfer of patient.

Tracheal schwannoma: a rare tracheal tumour.

Primary tracheal tumours are histologically similar but 100 times less common than main stem tumours. We report a case of primary tracheal schwannoma in a middle aged man. He had chronic cough for 2 years, and developed hemoptysis and stridor in the days preceding to presentation.

Gastropleural fistula: an unusual sequel of blunt chest trauma.

In the October 2005 Earthquake in mountainous Azad Kashmir and adjacent areas in Pakistan, a young female sustained crush injury chest and upper abdomen. She remained hospitalized with lower chest pain. All initial investigations were normal and she was discharged symptom-free on conservative management.

Planned external fixation to locked intramedullary nailing conversion for open fractures of shaft of femur and tibia.

Objective: To determine the outcome of initial external fixation and then conversion to intramedullary nailing in patients having open fracture of shaft of femur or tibia.

Design: Descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Quetta, from July 2002 to July 2004.