Publications by authors named "Muhammad Shamim"

Introduction: Multicentric and multifocal gliomas are rare and mainly described in high-grade gliomas, however, they have rarely been reported with LGG in about 2-10 % of all cases. This study aims to identify the reported multicentric low-grade gliomas (mLGGs) in literature and review their pathologies, management, and outcomes.

Methods: A systematic search using a pre-defined search strategy was conducted across three databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus).

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Purpose: Refractive errors (REs) are a significant cause of vision impairment and the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism are the most prevalent forms. In developing regions, including India, the prevalence and impact of REs, particularly among school-aged children, is profound, affecting their academic performance and overall quality of life.

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Intraoperative ultrasound (IoUS) has been a time tested modality to assist surgeons in various procedures. It is inexpensive, and a highly useful intra-operative aid for neurosurgeons operating on spinal tumours as it helps confirming the limits of tumour, margins of resection and assuring gross total resection..

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In the realm of medical procedures for urinary obstructions, a distinct division of roles is evident: the vast majority of percutaneous nephrostomies (PCNs) are the domain of Interventional Radiology (IR), while the placement of double J stents (JJ stents) falls squarely under Urology. This division, however, is not without its complexities. When confronted with a patient suffering from a urinary obstruction, the decision-making process can become intricate.

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Brain tumours are a leading cause of death and disability, impacting individuals across all ages, genders, and ethnicities. They are primarily diagnosed using MRI but a precise diagnosis is dependent on the molecular biology of the tumour studied on the pathological specimen. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are forging new paths through diagnostic obstacles, offering the intriguing benefits of non-invasive diagnosis, pattern recognition, and outcome prediction from imaging data.

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Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is the association between obesity, diabetes, CKD (chronic kidney disease), and cardiovascular disease. GDF-15 mainly acts through the GFRAL (Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor Family Receptor Alpha-Like) receptor. GDF-15 and GDFRAL complex act mainly through RET co-receptors, further activating Ras and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways through downstream signaling.

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Introduction Laparoscopic simulation has been used in many curricula. The United Kingdom (UK) surgical curriculum lacks summative assessment for laparoscopic skills. This study explores surgical trainees' perceptions of using simulated laparoscopic assessment as a summative tool in the UK.

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Background: Blood transfusions (BT) are often needed in neurosurgical procedures, especially craniotomies for tumor resections, due to risks of anemia, ischemic brain injury, and hemorrhage. However, BT may increase the risk of perioperative complications. This study aimed to determine the incidence, associated factors, and outcomes of BT in patients undergoing craniotomy for intracranial tumor resection.

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  • The study focuses on infrazygomatic miniscrew implants (IZC-MSI) as temporary anchorage devices in orthodontics, highlighting their importance in supporting maxillary tooth movement.
  • The systematic review aimed to evaluate the success rate and stability factors of IZC-MSI through a comprehensive electronic search of multiple databases.
  • Results from 14 studies indicated a 92% overall success rate for these implants, with variations based on sample size and significant heterogeneity in factors influencing their stability.
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Radiation-induced leukoencephalopathy (RIL) is a late complication of cerebral radiation therapy (CRT) used in treating gliomas. It involves progressive damage to the brain's white matter, seen as T2/FLAIR hyperintensity on MRI. Risk factors include age, high radiation doses, and cumulative exposure.

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Diphtheria is a reemerging vaccine-preventable infection of public health concern. Pooled estimates of serum IgG anti-diphtheria antibody levels can assist in estimating the susceptible population. The objective was to estimate pooled estimate of protective IgG anti-diphtheria antibodies in population globally.

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  • Prescribing medications has been seen mainly as a technical skill in medical education, neglecting the social, political, and economic aspects, which leads to overlooking its ethical implications.
  • Current medical ethics education often presents concepts in abstract terms, leaving students unprepared for the complex ethical dilemmas they will face in real practice.
  • The authors propose a new framework that considers the broader determinants of ethical prescribing, aiming to enhance educational methods and support future physicians in making informed prescribing decisions across different cultural contexts.
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Background: Competencies-based education has gained global recognition, emphasizing the need for educators to align educational outcomes with healthcare system requirements. However, limited literature exists on competency frameworks and Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) specific to health professions educationists, hindering the development of tailored Master's programs.

Aim: This study aimed to develop a competency framework outlining the roles and functions for Master's learners in Health Professions Education (MHPE) and identify the key EPAs that form the foundation of a task-based MHPE curriculum, along with the expected levels of entrustment.

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  • India's commitment to the "Leave No One Behind" principle of the Sustainable Development Goals highlights the urgent need for data on the oral health of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), leading to a systematic review of existing literature.
  • The review included 15 studies after searching extensive databases, revealing that while 91% of IDD children regularly use toothbrushes, a significant 38% still have poor oral hygiene and 64% suffer from dental caries.
  • The study concludes that existing oral health practices are inadequate and calls for tailored health programs to better meet the specific needs of children with IDD in India.
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  • This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the link between H. pylori found in dental plaque and gastric H. pylori infection.
  • After analyzing data from 27 studies involving 2408 participants, results indicated a significant association with an odds ratio of 3.80, suggesting higher gastric infections in those with H. pylori in dental plaque.
  • The findings highlight the potential role of dental plaque as a reservoir for H. pylori, which could impact strategies for managing gastric infections, despite the overall evidence certainty being low.
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Cerebellar high-grade gliomas (cHGG) are uncommon in adults, making up only about 1% of all high-grade gliomas. These tumours differ from supratentorial high-grade gliomas (sHGG) in terms of epidemiology, molecular traits, and the age of the patients. cHGG patients are typically younger and show a higher frequency of neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) mutations, atypical RAS mutations, and H3K27M mutations.

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  • A literature review assessed maternal and fetal outcomes related to aplastic anemia (AA) during pregnancy, shedding light on the rarity of scientific evidence in this area.
  • Seven studies were included, covering a total of 248 pregnancies, to investigate various complications, including the prevalence of preeclampsia and other pregnancy-related issues.
  • The review reported a 13% prevalence of preeclampsia among AA pregnancies and evaluated additional outcomes such as spontaneous abortion and premature rupture of membranes, providing crucial insights for patients and healthcare providers.
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: Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown conflicting results on cortisol levels following probiotic administration in healthy and diseased populations. Previous analyses were inconclusive due to limited studies, and evidence is lacking on how these effects vary by health status; region; therapy duration; medications, and use of single or multiple strains. : In this systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO [CRD42024538539]), we searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Web of Science Preprints until 13 August 2024, for RCTs on probiotic administration, either alone or combined, across all age groups and without specific medical condition requirements.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a growing public health problem. Several clinical studies have shown a potentially oncogenic role of copper in CRC progression, but the reports are inconsistent. To examine published evidence on the association between tissue copper status and CRC, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis, searching Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, Embase, ProQuest, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies reporting colon tumor and matched non-cancerous tissue copper concentrations in CRC patients for articles published till June 2023.

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  • Heart failure affects around 64 million people, particularly with HFrEF, which lacks direct trial comparisons between leading treatments like ARNI and SGLT2 inhibitors.
  • The study recruits 100 HFrEF patients and aims to compare the effects of dapagliflozin and sacubitril/valsartan over 16 weeks, focusing on biomarkers and cost-effectiveness.
  • The findings are intended to guide clinicians on treatment decisions while exploring how these medications influence GDF-15 levels for better prognostic understanding.
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Background: Although the recent literature indicates that mpox (monkeypox) primarily affects men, there are also multiple reports in women. Estimates of the sex distribution of mpox patients and patterns will enable a better understanding of the ongoing mpox outbreak.

Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, seven databases were searched for studies published in English up to January 4, 2023.

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HIV self-testing (HIVST) plays a significant role in addressing the health care needs of high-risk populations, particularly men who have sex with men (MSM). The present systematic review and meta-analysis provide an assessment of the prevalence of HIVST among MSM within the last 5 years. Seven databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, EMBASE, ProQuest, and EBSCOhost) were searched systematically from January 1, 2018 to March 10, 2023.

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