Post-Myocardial Infarction Ventricular Septal Defect: A Comprehensive Review.

Post-myocardial infarction (MI) ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a rare but potentially catastrophic mechanical complication that occurs in <1% of patients following a myocardial infarction and it is associated with a high morbidity and mortality despite improvements in medical and surgical therapies. Post-MI VSD is a medical emergency and outcome is very poor in medically treated patients. Treatment of choice remains surgical closure of defect and transcatheter defect closure less so.

Risk, Outcomes, and Predictors of Infection in Lymphoma: A Nationwide Study.

Objective: The risk of infection (CDI) has not been well studied in patients with lymphoma. We thus sought to determine the risk of CDI in hospitalizations with lymphoma along with its trend, outcomes, and predictors using a large database.

Methods: Hospital discharge data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2007 to 2011 were used for the study.

Modifiable Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become an acceptable therapy for patients with severe aortic valve stenosis at high or prohibitive surgical risk. Attempts are ongoing to validate risk prediction models for in-hospital mortality after TAVR. Our aim was to define modifiable risk factors predictive of in-hospital mortality after TAVR.

A comprehensive meta-analysis of stem cell therapy for chronic angina.

Background: A substantial proportion of patients with coronary artery disease do not achieve complete revascularization and continue to experience refractory angina despite optimal medical therapy. Recently, stem cell therapy has emerged as a potential therapeutic option for these patients. However, findings of individual trials have been scrutinized because of their small sample sizes and lack of statistical power.

Positive Predictive Value of Noninvasive Stress Testing Is Poor in the Real World.

Abnormal noninvasive stress test (NIST) findings do not always correlate with angiographically significant (luminal obstruction ≥50%) coronary artery disease. Positive predictive value (PPV) of NIST in the real clinical practice is not well known. The goal of this retrospective study was to determine the PPV of NIST and assess the factors affecting PPV in a US community hospital.

Simultaneous acute cardio-cerebral infarction: is there a consensus for management?

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are both life-threatening medical conditions with narrow therapeutic time-window that carry grave prognosis if not addressed promptly. The acute management of both condition is well documented in the literature, however the management of a simultaneous presentation of both AIS and AMI is unclear. A delayed intervention of one infarcted territory for the other may result in permanent irreversible morbidity or disability, and even death.

Severe sepsis and cardiac arrhythmias.

Background: Although sepsis is a known risk factor for cardiac arrhythmias, data on incidence and outcomes of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias in severe sepsis is limited. The purpose of this study is to examine the association of severe sepsis with cardiac arrhythmias and their impact on outcome in this patient population.

Methods: We used hospital discharge data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) during the year 2012.

Trends, predictors and outcomes of ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage in patients with a left ventricular assist device.

Background: Patients with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) are at a higher risk of ischemic stroke (IS) and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). There is limited data available on risk factors and outcomes associated with IS and ICH in LVAD patients.

Methods: All patients >18 years of age with an LVAD were identified based on the U.

Outcomes of In-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Morbidly Obese Patients.

Objectives: This study sought to assess the impact of morbid obesity on outcomes in patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA).

Background: Obesity is associated with increased risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; however, little is known about survival of morbidly obese patients with IHCA.

Methods: Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from 2001 to 2008, we identified adult patients undergoing resuscitation for IHCA, including those with morbid obesity (body mass index ≥40 kg/m) by using International Classification of Diseases 9th edition codes and clinical outcomes.

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators in diabetics: efficacy and safety in patients at risk of sudden cardiac death.

Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for arrhythmogenesis and is associated with a two-fold increase in all-cause mortality and a four-fold increase in cardiovascular mortality including sudden cardiac death when compared with nondiabetics. Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) have been shown to effectively reduce arrhythmic death and all-cause mortality in patients with severe myocardial dysfunction. With a high competing risk of nonarrhythmic cardiac and noncardiac death, survival benefit of ICD in patients with diabetes mellitus could be reduced, but the subanalysis of diabetic patients in randomized clinical trials provides reassurance regarding a similar beneficial survival effect of ICD and cardiac resynchronization therapy in diabetics, as observed in the overall population with advanced heart disease.